{
 "site": "https://cartaxhq.com",
 "generated": "2026-10-14",
 "formulas": "See https://cartaxhq.com/llms.txt",
 "states": [
  {
   "state": "Alabama",
   "code": "AL",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/alabama/",
   "summary": "Alabama charges a yearly ad valorem tax on cars, collected by the county with registration renewal. The tax is the car's market value × a 15% assessment ratio (Class IV) × the total state, county, city, and school millage. The purchase tax is a low 2% state rate plus local sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 0.15,
    "ratePer": 1000,
    "valueBasis": "market",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Value from the Alabama DOR vehicle valuation. Class IV (private passenger) 15% assessment. Millage includes the state levy plus county, city, and school mills."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 2,
    "name": "Alabama automotive sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "County and city automotive sales taxes are added. Trade-in credit: medium confidence."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is about $23 a year plus issuance fees. A title costs $15.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal in your renewal month (based on your last name's first letter or a staggered schedule).",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Alabama DOR – Vehicle valuation",
     "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/property-tax/vehicle-valuation/"
    },
    {
     "title": "Alabama DOR – Motor vehicle",
     "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/motor-vehicle/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Alaska",
   "code": "AK",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/alaska/",
   "summary": "Alaska has no state car tax and no state sales tax. Owners pay a two-year state registration fee. Some municipalities, such as Anchorage, add a local motor vehicle registration tax by age.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "No state yearly car tax. Some municipalities (for example Anchorage, Fairbanks North Star Borough, and Mat-Su) collect a flat local motor vehicle registration tax by age with DMV registration."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 0,
    "name": "No state sales tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": false,
    "note": "No state sales tax. Some boroughs and cities charge local sales tax that may apply to vehicle sales, often capped per sale."
   },
   "registration": "State registration is about $100 for two years, plus any municipal registration tax.",
   "due": "No state car tax. Registration renews every two years.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Alaska DMV – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://dmv.alaska.gov/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Arizona",
   "code": "AZ",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/arizona/",
   "summary": "Arizona charges a yearly Vehicle License Tax (VLT) in place of personal property tax. The tax value starts at 60% of the manufacturer's base retail price and drops 16.25% each year. VLT is paid with registration to ADOT MVD.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpSchedule",
    "per": 1000,
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "mills": 16.8
     },
     {
      "age": 1,
      "mills": 14.5222
     },
     {
      "age": 2,
      "mills": 12.1624
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "mills": 10.186
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "mills": 8.5308
     },
     {
      "age": 5,
      "mills": 7.1445
     },
     {
      "age": 6,
      "mills": 5.9835
     },
     {
      "age": 7,
      "mills": 5.0112
     },
     {
      "age": 8,
      "mills": 4.1969
     },
     {
      "age": 9,
      "mills": 3.5149
     },
     {
      "age": 10,
      "mills": 2.9437
     },
     {
      "age": 11,
      "mills": 2.4654
     },
     {
      "age": 12,
      "mills": 2.0647
     },
     {
      "age": 13,
      "mills": 1.7292
     },
     {
      "age": 14,
      "mills": 1.4482
     },
     {
      "age": 15,
      "mills": 1.2129
     },
     {
      "age": 16,
      "mills": 1.0158
     },
     {
      "age": 17,
      "mills": 0.8507
     },
     {
      "age": 18,
      "mills": 0.7125
     },
     {
      "age": 19,
      "mills": 0.5967
     },
     {
      "age": 20,
      "mills": 0.4997
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "note": "A.R.S. §28-5801. Year 1 = 60% of MSRP × $2.80 per $100. Each later year the value drops 16.25% and the rate is $2.89 per $100. The minimum is $10. Age is counted in 12-month periods from the car's first registration, not from the model year."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5.6,
    "name": "Arizona transaction privilege (sales) tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "City and county TPT is added on top. Private-party sales are not taxed."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is $8, plus a $1.50 air-quality fee and a $32 public safety fee. Title costs $4.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal by the expiration date. Owners can renew for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 years.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "A.R.S. §28-5801 Vehicle license tax rate",
     "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/05801.htm"
    },
    {
     "title": "ADOT MVD – Vehicle registration fees",
     "url": "https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/vehicle-services/vehicle-registration"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Arkansas",
   "code": "AR",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/arkansas/",
   "summary": "Arkansas taxes cars every year as personal property, assessed at 20% of value times the county millage. You must assess the car with the county assessor and pay the tax before you can renew your registration. Buying a car costs 6.5% state sales tax plus local, with reduced rates for cheaper used cars.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 0.2,
    "ratePer": 1000,
    "valueBasis": "market",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Assessment = 20% of market value (assessor's guide). Tax = assessment × county/city/school millage ÷ 1,000. 20% ratio and Oct 15 due date: medium confidence."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.5,
    "name": "Arkansas sales/use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Used cars under $4,000 are exempt. Used cars from $4,000 to $9,999 pay 3.5% state (local tax at the full rate). Cars of $10,000 and up pay 6.5%. 2025 bills to raise these thresholds: outcome unconfirmed."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is about $17–$30 a year by weight. A title costs $10.",
   "due": "Assess between January 1 and May 31. Taxes are due by October 15. You need proof of assessment and payment to renew registration.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Arkansas DFA – Recent changes in the law (motor vehicle)",
     "url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/office/motor-vehicle/recent-changes-in-the-law/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "California",
   "code": "CA",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/california/",
   "summary": "California charges a yearly Vehicle License Fee (VLF) of 0.65% of the car's value as part of DMV registration. The DMV bases the value on the purchase price and reduces it each year on a fixed schedule. California has no separate local car property tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "valuePercent",
    "rate": 0.65,
    "note": "California VLF, R&TC §10752. Value = purchase price (resets when a used car is bought) × DMV schedule: 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 25, 20, then 15% from year 11. Billed with registration renewal along with registration, CHP, and transportation improvement fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 7.25,
    "name": "California sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": false,
    "note": "The 7.25% statewide base includes 1.25% local. District taxes can raise the total to about 10.75%. Trade-ins are NOT deducted."
   },
   "registration": "The base registration fee is about $74, plus the CHP fee (about $34) and the value-based Transportation Improvement Fee ($38–$228). Many cars also pay a smog abatement fee or the ZEV fee.",
   "due": "Paid every year with DMV registration renewal, by the expiration date on your renewal notice.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "California DMV – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-registration/registration-fees/"
    },
    {
     "title": "CDTFA – Tax guide for motor vehicle dealers",
     "url": "https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/industry/motor-vehicle-dealers/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Colorado",
   "code": "CO",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/colorado/",
   "summary": "Colorado charges a yearly specific ownership tax (SOT) in place of property tax, paid with registration at the county motor vehicle office. Taxable value is 85% of MSRP, and the rate drops from 2.10% in year one to a flat $3 from year ten. Registration also adds weight-based license fees and FASTER fees.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpSchedule",
    "per": 1000,
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "mills": 17.85
     },
     {
      "age": 1,
      "mills": 12.75
     },
     {
      "age": 2,
      "mills": 10.2
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "mills": 7.65
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "mills": 3.825
     },
     {
      "age": 5,
      "mills": 3.825
     },
     {
      "age": 6,
      "mills": 3.825
     },
     {
      "age": 7,
      "mills": 3.825
     },
     {
      "age": 8,
      "mills": 3.825
     },
     {
      "age": 9,
      "mills": 0,
      "flat": 3
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "note": "C.R.S. 42-3-107(9),(10), Class C. Taxable value = 85% of MSRP. The rate is 2.10% of that value in year 1, then 1.50%, 1.20%, and 0.90%. Years 5–9 pay 0.45% or $10, whichever is greater, and year 10 on pays $3. Mills shown are per $1 of MSRP. Registration fees and FASTER fees are extra."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 2.9,
    "name": "Colorado state sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "County, city, RTD, and special-district taxes are added and collected at registration, based on your address."
   },
   "registration": "Registration and FASTER fees are usually $50–$100 plus SOT. The license fee depends on weight and age, plus a road safety surcharge and a bridge safety surcharge. Title costs $7.20.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal, by the last day of the month the registration expires (one-month grace period).",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "C.R.S. 42-3-107 Specific ownership tax",
     "url": "https://colorado.public.law/statutes/crs_42-3-107"
    },
    {
     "title": "Colorado DMV – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "code": "CT",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/connecticut/",
   "summary": "Connecticut towns tax cars as personal property every year. The town assessor values the car at 70% of its clean retail value as of October 1 and applies the town's motor vehicle mill rate, which state law caps at 32.46 mills. Bills go out in late June and are due July 1.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 0.7,
    "ratePer": 1000,
    "rateCap": 32.46,
    "valueBasis": "market",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Value = 70% of clean retail value (state-mandated assessment ratio). The motor vehicle mill rate is capped at 32.46 mills under CGS §12-71e (assessment year Oct 1, 2021 and every year after). Towns may set a lower rate, including zero."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.35,
    "name": "Connecticut sales and use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tiers": [
     {
      "from": 50000.01,
      "rate": 7.75
     }
    ],
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Cars over $50,000 pay 7.75% on the full price, not just the part above $50,000."
   },
   "registration": "Two-year registration for a passenger car is about $120. Title costs $25, and there are separate emissions and plate fees.",
   "due": "The Grand List date is October 1. The regular bill is due July 1 and payable without interest through August 1. Cars registered after October 1 get a supplemental bill due January 1, payable by February 1. Late payments accrue 1.5% interest a month.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "CGS §12-71e Motor vehicle mill rate (Chapter 203)",
     "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_203.htm#sec_12-71e"
    },
    {
     "title": "CT DRS – Sales tax on motor vehicles",
     "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/drs"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Delaware",
   "code": "DE",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/delaware/",
   "summary": "Delaware has no yearly car tax and no sales tax. Instead, it charges a one-time document fee when you title a car, raised to 5.25% on October 1, 2025. Registration is a flat $40 a year.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5.25,
    "name": "Delaware motor vehicle document fee",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "5.25% of the greater of the price or NADA value since Oct 1, 2025 (was 4.25%). The minimum is $8."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is $40 a year. A title costs $35 or more.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year (multi-year options available).",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Delaware News – DMV fees increase in October 2025",
     "url": "https://news.delaware.gov/2025/09/30/dmv-fees-increase-in-october-2025/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "District of Columbia",
   "code": "DC",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/district-of-columbia/",
   "summary": "DC has no yearly car tax. When you title a car you pay a one-time excise tax of 1% to 11% of fair market value, based on weight and fuel economy. Registration fees are flat by weight.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5,
    "name": "DC motor vehicle excise tax on titling",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": false,
    "note": "The rate depends on weight and mpg (since Feb 17, 2025). Under 3,500 lb: 9% (≤20 mpg), 5% (21–25), 3.1% (26–30), 2.2% (31–39), 1.5% (40+), 1% EV. 3,500–4,999 lb: 10%, 6%, 4.1%, 3.2%, 2.5%, 2%. 5,000+ lb: 11%, 7%, 5.1%, 4.2%, 3.5%, 3%. The 5% rate shown is a mid-range car and is for display only."
   },
   "registration": "Since Mar 30, 2026, registration is $70 a year up to 3,499 lb, $175 or $300 for heavier cars, and $550 or more for 6,000 lb and up. New battery-electric cars pay $40.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year or two.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "DC DMV – DMV fees (excise tax)",
     "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/book/dmv-fees/dmv-fees-0"
    },
    {
     "title": "DC DMV – Vehicle registration fees",
     "url": "https://dmv.dc.gov/book/dmv-fees/vehicle-registration-fees"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Florida",
   "code": "FL",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/florida/",
   "summary": "Florida has no yearly car tax. Owners pay registration fees by weight, plus a one-time $225 initial registration fee. A car purchase is taxed at 6% plus county surtax, which applies only to the first $5,000 of the price.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none"
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6,
    "name": "Florida sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "County discretionary surtax applies only to the first $5,000 of the price."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is $14.50, $22.50, or $32.50 by weight plus fees (about $45–$75 in total). A one-time $225 initial registration fee applies on the first Florida plate.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year or two by the owner's birthday.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Fla. Stat. §320.08",
     "url": "http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0320/Sections/0320.08.html"
    },
    {
     "title": "Florida DOR – Motor vehicle sales tax rates by state (Feb 2026)",
     "url": "https://floridarevenue.com/taxes/tips/Documents/TIP_26A01-01.pdf"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Georgia",
   "code": "GA",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/georgia/",
   "summary": "Georgia charges a one-time 7% Title Ad Valorem Tax (TAVT) when you title a car. For cars bought since March 1, 2013, this replaces both sales tax and the yearly car tax. Cars titled before then still pay yearly ad valorem tax with registration.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "other",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Cars titled on or after March 1, 2013 pay no yearly ad valorem tax (TAVT was paid once). Older cars still pay a yearly tax of fair market value × 40% assessment × local millage, due with registration by the owner's birthday. §48-5-7).",
    "legacy": {
     "assessRatio": 0.4,
     "ratePer": 1000,
     "valueBasis": "market",
     "appliesTo": "vehicles titled before 2013-03-01"
    }
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 7,
    "name": "Georgia Title Ad Valorem Tax (TAVT)",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "7% of fair market value (DOR value or the bill of sale, if higher). New residents pay 3% and family transfers 0.5%. Replaces sales tax and yearly ad valorem tax."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is $20 a year. A title costs $18.",
   "due": "TAVT is paid once, within 30 days of purchase, when you title the car. For older cars, the yearly ad valorem tax is due with registration by the owner's birthday, with a 10% penalty after that.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Georgia DOR – Title Ad Valorem Tax (TAVT)",
     "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/motor-vehicles/vehicle-registration-license-plates/vehicle-taxes-title-ad-valorem-tax-tavt-and"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Hawaii",
   "code": "HI",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/hawaii/",
   "summary": "Hawaii charges a yearly state vehicle weight tax and a county weight tax, both based on the car's weight, not its value. They are paid with registration to the county. A car purchase is subject to the 4% general excise tax plus any county surcharge.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "other",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "State weight tax (HRS 249-33): 1.75¢/lb up to 4,000 lb, 2¢/lb for 4,001–7,000 lb, 2.25¢/lb for 7,001–10,000 lb, and $300 flat above that. Each county adds its own weight tax per pound plus fees ($46 state registration, county fee, $7 beautification). The tax is based on weight, not value, so no value calculator applies."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 4,
    "name": "Hawaii general excise tax (GET)",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": false,
    "note": "GET is charged to the seller and usually passed on. A county surcharge of 0.5% applies on Oahu, Kauai, and Hawaii Island."
   },
   "registration": "$46 state registration plus state and county weight taxes and county fees. A 3,300 lb car in Honolulu pays about $360 a year in total.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal, by the expiration date.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "HRS §249-33 State vehicle weight tax",
     "url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol05_Ch0261-0319/HRS0249/HRS_0249-0033.htm"
    },
    {
     "title": "City & County of Honolulu – Motor vehicle registration",
     "url": "https://www.honolulu.gov/csd/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Idaho",
   "code": "ID",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/idaho/",
   "summary": "Idaho has no yearly car tax. Registration is a flat fee by vehicle age, plus county fees. A car purchase is taxed at 6% sales tax, with no local addition.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6,
    "name": "Idaho sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Private-party sales are taxed when you title the car."
   },
   "registration": "Registration costs about $45–$69 a year by age, plus county fees.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year or two.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Idaho State Tax Commission – Vehicles",
     "url": "https://tax.idaho.gov/taxes/sales-use/vehicles/"
    },
    {
     "title": "Idaho ITD – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://itd.idaho.gov/itddmv/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Illinois",
   "code": "IL",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/illinois/",
   "summary": "Illinois has no yearly car tax based on value. Owners pay a flat registration fee, and some cities, such as Chicago, add flat vehicle stickers. A dealer sale is taxed at 6.25% plus local tax. A private-party sale is taxed by a fixed table (RUT-50).",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly value-based tax. Chicago and some other cities charge flat yearly vehicle sticker or wheel tax fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.25,
    "name": "Illinois sales/use tax (dealer sales)",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Local rates are added on dealer sales. The trade-in credit has reportedly been capped at $10,000 since Jan 1, 2025. Private-party sales pay RUT-50 Private Party Vehicle Use Tax instead: by age for cars under $15,000 ($465 down to $100) and by price bracket from $15,000 ($850 and up)."
   },
   "registration": "Passenger car registration is about $151 a year (EVs $251). A title costs $165.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year. Chicago's city sticker is due each year with your registration.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Illinois DOR – RUT-5/RUT-50 private party vehicle tax chart",
     "url": "https://tax.illinois.gov/content/dam/soi/en/web/tax/forms/sales/documents/vehicleusetax/rut-5.pdf"
    },
    {
     "title": "Illinois SOS – Vehicle services",
     "url": "https://www.ilsos.gov/departments/vehicles/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Indiana",
   "code": "IN",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/indiana/",
   "summary": "Indiana charges a yearly vehicle excise tax in place of property tax, paid with BMV registration. The tax is a fixed dollar amount from a table based on the car's original MSRP class and its age. Some counties and cities add a county or municipal excise or wheel tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpTable",
    "bands": [
     {
      "upTo": 1499.99,
      "label": "Class 1 ($0–$1,499)",
      "amounts": [
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 2249.99,
      "label": "Class 2 ($1,500–$2,249)",
      "amounts": [
       36,
       30,
       27,
       24,
       18,
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 2999.99,
      "label": "Class 3 ($2,250–$2,999)",
      "amounts": [
       50,
       50,
       42,
       33,
       24,
       18,
       12,
       12,
       12,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 3999.99,
      "label": "Class 4 ($3,000–$3,999)",
      "amounts": [
       50,
       50,
       50,
       50,
       48,
       36,
       24,
       18,
       12,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 5499.99,
      "label": "Class 5 ($4,000–$5,499)",
      "amounts": [
       66,
       57,
       50,
       50,
       50,
       50,
       42,
       24,
       12,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 6999.99,
      "label": "Class 6 ($5,500–$6,999)",
      "amounts": [
       84,
       74,
       63,
       52,
       50,
       50,
       49,
       30,
       18,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 8499.99,
      "label": "Class 7 ($7,000–$8,499)",
      "amounts": [
       103,
       92,
       77,
       64,
       52,
       50,
       50,
       40,
       21,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 9999.99,
      "label": "Class 8 ($8,500–$9,999)",
      "amounts": [
       123,
       110,
       93,
       78,
       64,
       50,
       50,
       50,
       34,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 12499.99,
      "label": "Class 9 ($10,000–$12,499)",
      "amounts": [
       150,
       134,
       115,
       98,
       82,
       65,
       52,
       50,
       40,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 14999.99,
      "label": "Class 10 ($12,500–$14,999)",
      "amounts": [
       172,
       149,
       130,
       112,
       96,
       79,
       65,
       53,
       50,
       12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 17999.99,
      "label": "Class 11 ($15,000–$17,999)",
      "amounts": [
       207,
       179,
       156,
       135,
       115,
       94,
       78,
       64,
       50,
       21
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 21999.99,
      "label": "Class 12 ($18,000–$21,999)",
      "amounts": [
       250,
       217,
       189,
       163,
       139,
       114,
       94,
       65,
       50,
       26
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 24999.99,
      "label": "Class 13 ($22,000–$24,999)",
      "amounts": [
       300,
       260,
       225,
       184,
       150,
       121,
       96,
       65,
       50,
       30
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 29999.99,
      "label": "Class 14 ($25,000–$29,999)",
      "amounts": [
       350,
       304,
       265,
       228,
       195,
       160,
       132,
       91,
       50,
       36
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 34999.99,
      "label": "Class 15 ($30,000–$34,999)",
      "amounts": [
       406,
       353,
       307,
       257,
       210,
       169,
       134,
       91,
       50,
       42
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 42499.99,
      "label": "Class 16 ($35,000–$42,499)",
      "amounts": [
       469,
       407,
       355,
       306,
       261,
       214,
       177,
       129,
       63,
       49
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": null,
      "label": "Class 17 ($42,500 and over)",
      "amounts": [
       532,
       461,
       398,
       347,
       296,
       242,
       192,
       129,
       63,
       50
      ]
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "note": "IC 6-6-5. Vehicle excise tax set by class (from the original MSRP) and age (the registration year minus the model year; age 9 and older uses the last column). Model year 1980 and older pays $12. Counties and cities that adopted a vehicle excise surtax or wheel tax add it on top (not included here)."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 7,
    "name": "Indiana sales tax on vehicles",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true
   },
   "registration": "Passenger car registration is $21.35. Every registration also pays a $15 transportation infrastructure improvement fee. Hybrids add $81, EVs add $242, and a title costs $15.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal. The renewal deadline depends on the first letter of your last name, from January through December.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Indiana BMV – Excise Tax Information",
     "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/fees-taxes/vehicle-registration-fees-and-taxes/excise-tax-information"
    },
    {
     "title": "Indiana BMV – Fee Chart (rev. 1/1/26)",
     "url": "https://www.in.gov/bmv/files/Fee_Chart.pdf"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Iowa",
   "code": "IA",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/iowa/",
   "summary": "Iowa's yearly registration fee works as a car tax: 1% of the vehicle's list price plus 40 cents per 100 lb of weight. The value part drops after 7 model years. From 12 model years old the fee is a flat $50. You pay it to the county treasurer.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpSchedule",
    "per": 1000,
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "mills": 10
     },
     {
      "age": 1,
      "mills": 10
     },
     {
      "age": 2,
      "mills": 10
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "mills": 10
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "mills": 10
     },
     {
      "age": 5,
      "mills": 10
     },
     {
      "age": 6,
      "mills": 10
     },
     {
      "age": 7,
      "mills": 10
     },
     {
      "age": 8,
      "mills": 7.5
     },
     {
      "age": 9,
      "mills": 7.5
     },
     {
      "age": 10,
      "mills": 5
     },
     {
      "age": 11,
      "mills": 5
     },
     {
      "age": 12,
      "mills": 0,
      "flat": 50
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "note": "Iowa Code §321.109 and §321.113. Fee = 1% of list price + $0.40 per 100 lb (the weight part is not in the mills). The value part is 75% after 7 model years and 50% after 9. The fee is at least $50 after 7 years and a flat $50 from 12 years. Ages 0–7 = 10 mills. EVs add $130 and plug-in hybrids add $65."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5,
    "name": "Iowa one-time registration fee (fee for new registration)",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Iowa charges a 5% one-time registration fee in place of sales tax. No local option tax applies to cars."
   },
   "registration": "The yearly fee is value plus weight, as described above. A title costs $25.",
   "due": "Due every year by the end of the month after your registration month (based on the owner's birth month).",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Iowa Code §321.109",
     "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.109.pdf"
    },
    {
     "title": "Iowa Code §321.113 Automatic reduction",
     "url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.113.pdf"
    },
    {
     "title": "Iowa DOT – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://iowadot.gov/mvd/vehicleregistration/registration-fees"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Kansas",
   "code": "KS",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/kansas/",
   "summary": "Kansas charges a yearly motor vehicle property tax, paid at the county treasurer with registration renewal. The value comes from a class value for the car, reduced 15% for each year of age. The tax is 20% of that value times the county's average levy.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 0.2,
    "ratePer": 1000,
    "valueBasis": "class value (trade-in based), less 15% per year of age",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "K.S.A. 79-5105. Value = class midpoint × (1 − 15% per year of age). Tax = value × 20% × the county average levy ÷ 1,000 (the county-wide average, not your district). The minimum is $24 ($12 for model years 1980 and older)."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.5,
    "name": "Kansas sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Local rates for your address are added. Trade-in credit: medium confidence."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is $30 (up to 4,500 lb) or $40 (over 4,500 lb). Hybrids pay $70, plug-in hybrids $100, and EVs $165. A title costs $10.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal at the county treasurer (staggered by last name).",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "K.S.A. 79-5105",
     "url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch79/079_051_0005.html"
    },
    {
     "title": "K.S.A. 8-143",
     "url": "https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch8/008_001_0043.html"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Kentucky",
   "code": "KY",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/kentucky/",
   "summary": "Kentucky taxes cars every year as property, based on the car's value on January 1. The state rate is 45¢ per $100, and county, city, school, and district rates are added. You pay with registration renewal at the county clerk in your birth month.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 1,
    "ratePer": 100,
    "valueBasis": "market",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Value set by the PVA's mass-appraisal system as of Jan 1. Rate = state 45¢ per $100 (2026 MOTAX Rate Book) + county, city, school, and special district rates. The valuation basis changed after 2022–23 relief laws."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6,
    "name": "Kentucky motor vehicle usage tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Trade-in credit applies to new vehicles (since July 2014). Used cars are taxed on the affidavit price, with a floor tied to trade-in value."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is about $21 a year plus clerk fees. A title costs $9.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal at the county clerk, usually in the owner's birth month.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Kentucky DOR – 2026 Motor Vehicle Tax Rate Book",
     "url": "https://revenue.ky.gov/News/Publications/Motor%20Vehicle%20Tax%20Rate%20Books/2026%20MOTAX%20Rate%20Book.pdf"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Louisiana",
   "code": "LA",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/louisiana/",
   "summary": "Louisiana has no yearly car property tax. The license plate fee is roughly 0.1% of the car's value, paid for a two-year plate. A car purchase is taxed at the 5% state rate plus parish and local sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly property tax on cars. The plate fee is based on type, weight, and selling price and is paid for two years."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5,
    "name": "Louisiana sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "The state rate is 5% from Jan 1, 2025 through Dec 31, 2029. Parish and municipal taxes are added. Trade-ins and rebates are deducted."
   },
   "registration": "The plate fee is about 0.1% of value ($20 minimum) for a two-year plate. A title costs $68.50.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Plates renew every two years.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Louisiana DOR – State sales tax rate",
     "url": "https://revenue.louisiana.gov/tax-education-and-faqs/faqs/sales-tax-reform/what-is-the-state-sales-tax-rate/"
    },
    {
     "title": "Louisiana OMV",
     "url": "https://www.expresslane.org/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Maine",
   "code": "ME",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/maine/",
   "summary": "Maine charges an excise tax every year when you register a car, and you pay it to your town office before the state registration. The tax is a mill rate on the manufacturer's list price that drops over the car's first six model years. The rates are set statewide, so the same car costs the same in every town.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpSchedule",
    "per": 1000,
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "mills": 24
     },
     {
      "age": 1,
      "mills": 17.5
     },
     {
      "age": 2,
      "mills": 13.5
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "mills": 10
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "mills": 6.5
     },
     {
      "age": 5,
      "mills": 4
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "note": "36 M.R.S. §1482(1)(C). The rate is 24 mills in the first or current model year, then 17.5, 13.5, 10 and 6.5, and 4 mills from the sixth year on. The minimum is $5."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5.5,
    "name": "Maine sales/use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true
   },
   "registration": "State registration for a passenger car is $35 a year. Title costs $33, and municipal agent fees are a few dollars.",
   "due": "Paid at your town office on each yearly registration renewal (and when you first register the car).",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "36 M.R.S. §1482 Excise tax rates",
     "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/36/title36sec1482.html"
    },
    {
     "title": "Maine BMV",
     "url": "https://www.maine.gov/sos/bmv/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Maryland",
   "code": "MD",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/maryland/",
   "summary": "Maryland has no yearly car tax. When you title a car you pay a one-time 6.5% excise titling tax. Registration is billed every two years at a flat rate by weight.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.5,
    "name": "Maryland motor vehicle excise (titling) tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "6.5% of fair market value (rentals 3.5%). The trade-in allowance is deducted. Private sales of cars 7+ years old are taxed on at least $640. The rate rose from 6%."
   },
   "registration": "Registration costs about $137–$187 for two years, by weight. A title costs $200.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every two years.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Md. Transportation Code §13-809",
     "url": "https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gtr&section=13-809&enactments=false"
    },
    {
     "title": "Maryland MVA – Titling tax",
     "url": "https://mva.maryland.gov/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Massachusetts",
   "code": "MA",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/massachusetts/",
   "summary": "Massachusetts charges a yearly motor vehicle excise of $25 for every $1,000 of value. The value is a statutory percentage of the manufacturer's list price that depends only on the model year, not on what you paid. Your city or town mails the bill, and it is due 30 days after it is issued.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpPercent",
    "rate": 2.5,
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": -1,
      "pct": 50
     },
     {
      "age": 0,
      "pct": 90
     },
     {
      "age": 1,
      "pct": 60
     },
     {
      "age": 2,
      "pct": 40
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "pct": 25
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "pct": 10
     }
    ],
    "note": "M.G.L. c.60A §1. The 10% rate applies to the fifth year and every year after. The minimum bill is $5. The tax is prorated by month for the calendar year in which you register."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.25,
    "name": "Massachusetts sales/use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Paid at the RMV when you register a car bought from a private party; a dealer collects it on a dealer sale."
   },
   "registration": "Passenger plates cost $60 for two years and a title costs $75. The yearly safety and emissions inspection is $35.",
   "due": "Bills are due 30 days after they are issued. Most towns mail the main bills in February or March for the calendar year, and send more bills during the year for newly registered cars. Unpaid excise can lead to RMV non-renewal of your license and registration.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "M.G.L. c.60A §1 (via Town of Hubbardston explainer)",
     "url": "https://www.hubbardstonma.gov/184/Motor-Vehicle-Excise-Tax-Abatements"
    },
    {
     "title": "Town of Dracut – Excise Tax Information",
     "url": "https://dracutma.gov/569/Excise-Tax-Information"
    },
    {
     "title": "Massachusetts motor vehicle excise (Mass.gov)",
     "url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/learn-about-the-motor-vehicle-excise"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Michigan",
   "code": "MI",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/michigan/",
   "summary": "Michigan's yearly registration fee works as a value-based car tax. For 1984 and newer cars it is set from the original list price (MSRP) and drops 10% at each of the first three renewals. There is no separate local car property tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpTable",
    "bands": [
     {
      "upTo": 6000,
      "label": "$0–$6,000",
      "amounts": [
       36,
       32.4,
       29.16,
       26.24
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 7000,
      "label": "Over $6,000–$7,000",
      "amounts": [
       40,
       36,
       32.4,
       29.16
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 8000,
      "label": "Over $7,000–$8,000",
      "amounts": [
       46,
       41.4,
       37.26,
       33.53
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 9000,
      "label": "Over $8,000–$9,000",
      "amounts": [
       52,
       46.8,
       42.12,
       37.91
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 10000,
      "label": "Over $9,000–$10,000",
      "amounts": [
       58,
       52.2,
       46.98,
       42.28
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 11000,
      "label": "Over $10,000–$11,000",
      "amounts": [
       64,
       57.6,
       51.84,
       46.66
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 12000,
      "label": "Over $11,000–$12,000",
      "amounts": [
       70,
       63,
       56.7,
       51.03
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 13000,
      "label": "Over $12,000–$13,000",
      "amounts": [
       76,
       68.4,
       61.56,
       55.4
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 14000,
      "label": "Over $13,000–$14,000",
      "amounts": [
       82,
       73.8,
       66.42,
       59.78
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 15000,
      "label": "Over $14,000–$15,000",
      "amounts": [
       88,
       79.2,
       71.28,
       64.15
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 16000,
      "label": "Over $15,000–$16,000",
      "amounts": [
       94,
       84.6,
       76.14,
       68.53
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 17000,
      "label": "Over $16,000–$17,000",
      "amounts": [
       100,
       90,
       81,
       72.9
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 18000,
      "label": "Over $17,000–$18,000",
      "amounts": [
       106,
       95.4,
       85.86,
       77.27
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 19000,
      "label": "Over $18,000–$19,000",
      "amounts": [
       112,
       100.8,
       90.72,
       81.65
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 20000,
      "label": "Over $19,000–$20,000",
      "amounts": [
       118,
       106.2,
       95.58,
       86.02
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 21000,
      "label": "Over $20,000–$21,000",
      "amounts": [
       124,
       111.6,
       100.44,
       90.4
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 22000,
      "label": "Over $21,000–$22,000",
      "amounts": [
       130,
       117,
       105.3,
       94.77
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 23000,
      "label": "Over $22,000–$23,000",
      "amounts": [
       136,
       122.4,
       110.16,
       99.14
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 24000,
      "label": "Over $23,000–$24,000",
      "amounts": [
       142,
       127.8,
       115.02,
       103.52
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 25000,
      "label": "Over $24,000–$25,000",
      "amounts": [
       148,
       133.2,
       119.88,
       107.89
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 26000,
      "label": "Over $25,000–$26,000",
      "amounts": [
       154,
       138.6,
       124.74,
       112.27
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 27000,
      "label": "Over $26,000–$27,000",
      "amounts": [
       160,
       144,
       129.6,
       116.64
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 28000,
      "label": "Over $27,000–$28,000",
      "amounts": [
       166,
       149.4,
       134.46,
       121.01
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 29000,
      "label": "Over $28,000–$29,000",
      "amounts": [
       172,
       154.8,
       139.32,
       125.39
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 30000,
      "label": "Over $29,000–$30,000",
      "amounts": [
       178,
       160.2,
       144.18,
       129.76
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 31000,
      "label": "Over $30,000–$31,000",
      "amounts": [
       184,
       165.6,
       149.04,
       134.14
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 32000,
      "label": "Over $31,000–$32,000",
      "amounts": [
       190,
       171,
       153.9,
       138.51
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 33000,
      "label": "Over $32,000–$33,000",
      "amounts": [
       196,
       176.4,
       158.76,
       142.88
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 34000,
      "label": "Over $33,000–$34,000",
      "amounts": [
       202,
       181.8,
       163.62,
       147.26
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 35000,
      "label": "Over $34,000–$35,000",
      "amounts": [
       208,
       187.2,
       168.48,
       151.63
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 36000,
      "label": "Over $35,000–$36,000",
      "amounts": [
       214,
       192.6,
       173.34,
       156.01
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 37000,
      "label": "Over $36,000–$37,000",
      "amounts": [
       220,
       198,
       178.2,
       160.38
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 38000,
      "label": "Over $37,000–$38,000",
      "amounts": [
       226,
       203.4,
       183.06,
       164.75
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 39000,
      "label": "Over $38,000–$39,000",
      "amounts": [
       232,
       208.8,
       187.92,
       169.13
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 40000,
      "label": "Over $39,000–$40,000",
      "amounts": [
       238,
       214.2,
       192.78,
       173.5
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 41000,
      "label": "Over $40,000–$41,000",
      "amounts": [
       244,
       219.6,
       197.64,
       177.88
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 42000,
      "label": "Over $41,000–$42,000",
      "amounts": [
       250,
       225,
       202.5,
       182.25
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 43000,
      "label": "Over $42,000–$43,000",
      "amounts": [
       256,
       230.4,
       207.36,
       186.62
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 44000,
      "label": "Over $43,000–$44,000",
      "amounts": [
       262,
       235.8,
       212.22,
       191
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 45000,
      "label": "Over $44,000–$45,000",
      "amounts": [
       268,
       241.2,
       217.08,
       195.37
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 46000,
      "label": "Over $45,000–$46,000",
      "amounts": [
       274,
       246.6,
       221.94,
       199.75
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 47000,
      "label": "Over $46,000–$47,000",
      "amounts": [
       280,
       252,
       226.8,
       204.12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 48000,
      "label": "Over $47,000–$48,000",
      "amounts": [
       286,
       257.4,
       231.66,
       208.49
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 49000,
      "label": "Over $48,000–$49,000",
      "amounts": [
       292,
       262.8,
       236.52,
       212.87
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 50000,
      "label": "Over $49,000–$50,000",
      "amounts": [
       298,
       268.2,
       241.38,
       217.24
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 51000,
      "label": "Over $50,000–$51,000",
      "amounts": [
       304,
       273.6,
       246.24,
       221.62
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 52000,
      "label": "Over $51,000–$52,000",
      "amounts": [
       310,
       279,
       251.1,
       225.99
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 53000,
      "label": "Over $52,000–$53,000",
      "amounts": [
       316,
       284.4,
       255.96,
       230.36
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 54000,
      "label": "Over $53,000–$54,000",
      "amounts": [
       322,
       289.8,
       260.82,
       234.74
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 55000,
      "label": "Over $54,000–$55,000",
      "amounts": [
       328,
       295.2,
       265.68,
       239.11
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 56000,
      "label": "Over $55,000–$56,000",
      "amounts": [
       334,
       300.6,
       270.54,
       243.49
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 57000,
      "label": "Over $56,000–$57,000",
      "amounts": [
       340,
       306,
       275.4,
       247.86
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 58000,
      "label": "Over $57,000–$58,000",
      "amounts": [
       346,
       311.4,
       280.26,
       252.23
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 59000,
      "label": "Over $58,000–$59,000",
      "amounts": [
       352,
       316.8,
       285.12,
       256.61
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 60000,
      "label": "Over $59,000–$60,000",
      "amounts": [
       358,
       322.2,
       289.98,
       260.98
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 61000,
      "label": "Over $60,000–$61,000",
      "amounts": [
       364,
       327.6,
       294.84,
       265.36
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 62000,
      "label": "Over $61,000–$62,000",
      "amounts": [
       370,
       333,
       299.7,
       269.73
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 63000,
      "label": "Over $62,000–$63,000",
      "amounts": [
       376,
       338.4,
       304.56,
       274.1
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 64000,
      "label": "Over $63,000–$64,000",
      "amounts": [
       382,
       343.8,
       309.42,
       278.48
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 65000,
      "label": "Over $64,000–$65,000",
      "amounts": [
       388,
       349.2,
       314.28,
       282.85
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 66000,
      "label": "Over $65,000–$66,000",
      "amounts": [
       394,
       354.6,
       319.14,
       287.23
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 67000,
      "label": "Over $66,000–$67,000",
      "amounts": [
       400,
       360,
       324,
       291.6
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 68000,
      "label": "Over $67,000–$68,000",
      "amounts": [
       406,
       365.4,
       328.86,
       295.97
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 69000,
      "label": "Over $68,000–$69,000",
      "amounts": [
       412,
       370.8,
       333.72,
       300.35
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 70000,
      "label": "Over $69,000–$70,000",
      "amounts": [
       418,
       376.2,
       338.58,
       304.72
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 71000,
      "label": "Over $70,000–$71,000",
      "amounts": [
       424,
       381.6,
       343.44,
       309.1
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 72000,
      "label": "Over $71,000–$72,000",
      "amounts": [
       430,
       387,
       348.3,
       313.47
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 73000,
      "label": "Over $72,000–$73,000",
      "amounts": [
       436,
       392.4,
       353.16,
       317.84
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 74000,
      "label": "Over $73,000–$74,000",
      "amounts": [
       442,
       397.8,
       358.02,
       322.22
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 75000,
      "label": "Over $74,000–$75,000",
      "amounts": [
       448,
       403.2,
       362.88,
       326.59
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 76000,
      "label": "Over $75,000–$76,000",
      "amounts": [
       454,
       408.6,
       367.74,
       330.97
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 77000,
      "label": "Over $76,000–$77,000",
      "amounts": [
       460,
       414,
       372.6,
       335.34
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 78000,
      "label": "Over $77,000–$78,000",
      "amounts": [
       466,
       419.4,
       377.46,
       339.71
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 79000,
      "label": "Over $78,000–$79,000",
      "amounts": [
       472,
       424.8,
       382.32,
       344.09
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 80000,
      "label": "Over $79,000–$80,000",
      "amounts": [
       478,
       430.2,
       387.18,
       348.46
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 81000,
      "label": "Over $80,000–$81,000",
      "amounts": [
       484,
       435.6,
       392.04,
       352.84
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 82000,
      "label": "Over $81,000–$82,000",
      "amounts": [
       490,
       441,
       396.9,
       357.21
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 83000,
      "label": "Over $82,000–$83,000",
      "amounts": [
       496,
       446.4,
       401.76,
       361.58
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 84000,
      "label": "Over $83,000–$84,000",
      "amounts": [
       502,
       451.8,
       406.62,
       365.96
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 85000,
      "label": "Over $84,000–$85,000",
      "amounts": [
       508,
       457.2,
       411.48,
       370.33
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 86000,
      "label": "Over $85,000–$86,000",
      "amounts": [
       514,
       462.6,
       416.34,
       374.71
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 87000,
      "label": "Over $86,000–$87,000",
      "amounts": [
       520,
       468,
       421.2,
       379.08
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 88000,
      "label": "Over $87,000–$88,000",
      "amounts": [
       526,
       473.4,
       426.06,
       383.45
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 89000,
      "label": "Over $88,000–$89,000",
      "amounts": [
       532,
       478.8,
       430.92,
       387.83
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 90000,
      "label": "Over $89,000–$90,000",
      "amounts": [
       538,
       484.2,
       435.78,
       392.2
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 91000,
      "label": "Over $90,000–$91,000",
      "amounts": [
       544,
       489.6,
       440.64,
       396.58
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 92000,
      "label": "Over $91,000–$92,000",
      "amounts": [
       550,
       495,
       445.5,
       400.95
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 93000,
      "label": "Over $92,000–$93,000",
      "amounts": [
       556,
       500.4,
       450.36,
       405.32
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 94000,
      "label": "Over $93,000–$94,000",
      "amounts": [
       562,
       505.8,
       455.22,
       409.7
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 95000,
      "label": "Over $94,000–$95,000",
      "amounts": [
       568,
       511.2,
       460.08,
       414.07
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 96000,
      "label": "Over $95,000–$96,000",
      "amounts": [
       574,
       516.6,
       464.94,
       418.45
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 97000,
      "label": "Over $96,000–$97,000",
      "amounts": [
       580,
       522,
       469.8,
       422.82
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 98000,
      "label": "Over $97,000–$98,000",
      "amounts": [
       586,
       527.4,
       474.66,
       427.19
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 99000,
      "label": "Over $98,000–$99,000",
      "amounts": [
       592,
       532.8,
       479.52,
       431.57
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 100000,
      "label": "Over $99,000–$100,000",
      "amounts": [
       598,
       538.2,
       484.38,
       435.94
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 101000,
      "label": "Over $100,000–$101,000",
      "amounts": [
       604,
       543.6,
       489.24,
       440.32
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 102000,
      "label": "Over $101,000–$102,000",
      "amounts": [
       610,
       549,
       494.1,
       444.69
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 103000,
      "label": "Over $102,000–$103,000",
      "amounts": [
       616,
       554.4,
       498.96,
       449.06
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 104000,
      "label": "Over $103,000–$104,000",
      "amounts": [
       622,
       559.8,
       503.82,
       453.44
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 105000,
      "label": "Over $104,000–$105,000",
      "amounts": [
       628,
       565.2,
       508.68,
       457.81
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 106000,
      "label": "Over $105,000–$106,000",
      "amounts": [
       634,
       570.6,
       513.54,
       462.19
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 107000,
      "label": "Over $106,000–$107,000",
      "amounts": [
       640,
       576,
       518.4,
       466.56
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 108000,
      "label": "Over $107,000–$108,000",
      "amounts": [
       646,
       581.4,
       523.26,
       470.93
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 109000,
      "label": "Over $108,000–$109,000",
      "amounts": [
       652,
       586.8,
       528.12,
       475.31
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 110000,
      "label": "Over $109,000–$110,000",
      "amounts": [
       658,
       592.2,
       532.98,
       479.68
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 111000,
      "label": "Over $110,000–$111,000",
      "amounts": [
       664,
       597.6,
       537.84,
       484.06
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 112000,
      "label": "Over $111,000–$112,000",
      "amounts": [
       670,
       603,
       542.7,
       488.43
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 113000,
      "label": "Over $112,000–$113,000",
      "amounts": [
       676,
       608.4,
       547.56,
       492.8
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 114000,
      "label": "Over $113,000–$114,000",
      "amounts": [
       682,
       613.8,
       552.42,
       497.18
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 115000,
      "label": "Over $114,000–$115,000",
      "amounts": [
       688,
       619.2,
       557.28,
       501.55
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 116000,
      "label": "Over $115,000–$116,000",
      "amounts": [
       694,
       624.6,
       562.14,
       505.93
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 117000,
      "label": "Over $116,000–$117,000",
      "amounts": [
       700,
       630,
       567,
       510.3
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 118000,
      "label": "Over $117,000–$118,000",
      "amounts": [
       706,
       635.4,
       571.86,
       514.67
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 119000,
      "label": "Over $118,000–$119,000",
      "amounts": [
       712,
       640.8,
       576.72,
       519.05
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 120000,
      "label": "Over $119,000–$120,000",
      "amounts": [
       718,
       646.2,
       581.58,
       523.42
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 121000,
      "label": "Over $120,000–$121,000",
      "amounts": [
       724,
       651.6,
       586.44,
       527.8
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 122000,
      "label": "Over $121,000–$122,000",
      "amounts": [
       730,
       657,
       591.3,
       532.17
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 123000,
      "label": "Over $122,000–$123,000",
      "amounts": [
       736,
       662.4,
       596.16,
       536.54
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 124000,
      "label": "Over $123,000–$124,000",
      "amounts": [
       742,
       667.8,
       601.02,
       540.92
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 125000,
      "label": "Over $124,000–$125,000",
      "amounts": [
       748,
       673.2,
       605.88,
       545.29
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 126000,
      "label": "Over $125,000–$126,000",
      "amounts": [
       754,
       678.6,
       610.74,
       549.67
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 127000,
      "label": "Over $126,000–$127,000",
      "amounts": [
       760,
       684,
       615.6,
       554.04
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 128000,
      "label": "Over $127,000–$128,000",
      "amounts": [
       766,
       689.4,
       620.46,
       558.41
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 129000,
      "label": "Over $128,000–$129,000",
      "amounts": [
       772,
       694.8,
       625.32,
       562.79
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 130000,
      "label": "Over $129,000–$130,000",
      "amounts": [
       778,
       700.2,
       630.18,
       567.16
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 131000,
      "label": "Over $130,000–$131,000",
      "amounts": [
       784,
       705.6,
       635.04,
       571.54
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 132000,
      "label": "Over $131,000–$132,000",
      "amounts": [
       790,
       711,
       639.9,
       575.91
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 133000,
      "label": "Over $132,000–$133,000",
      "amounts": [
       796,
       716.4,
       644.76,
       580.28
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 134000,
      "label": "Over $133,000–$134,000",
      "amounts": [
       802,
       721.8,
       649.62,
       584.66
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 135000,
      "label": "Over $134,000–$135,000",
      "amounts": [
       808,
       727.2,
       654.48,
       589.03
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 136000,
      "label": "Over $135,000–$136,000",
      "amounts": [
       814,
       732.6,
       659.34,
       593.41
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 137000,
      "label": "Over $136,000–$137,000",
      "amounts": [
       820,
       738,
       664.2,
       597.78
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 138000,
      "label": "Over $137,000–$138,000",
      "amounts": [
       826,
       743.4,
       669.06,
       602.15
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 139000,
      "label": "Over $138,000–$139,000",
      "amounts": [
       832,
       748.8,
       673.92,
       606.53
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 140000,
      "label": "Over $139,000–$140,000",
      "amounts": [
       838,
       754.2,
       678.78,
       610.9
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 141000,
      "label": "Over $140,000–$141,000",
      "amounts": [
       844,
       759.6,
       683.64,
       615.28
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 142000,
      "label": "Over $141,000–$142,000",
      "amounts": [
       850,
       765,
       688.5,
       619.65
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 143000,
      "label": "Over $142,000–$143,000",
      "amounts": [
       856,
       770.4,
       693.36,
       624.02
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 144000,
      "label": "Over $143,000–$144,000",
      "amounts": [
       862,
       775.8,
       698.22,
       628.4
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 145000,
      "label": "Over $144,000–$145,000",
      "amounts": [
       868,
       781.2,
       703.08,
       632.77
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 146000,
      "label": "Over $145,000–$146,000",
      "amounts": [
       874,
       786.6,
       707.94,
       637.15
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 147000,
      "label": "Over $146,000–$147,000",
      "amounts": [
       880,
       792,
       712.8,
       641.52
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 148000,
      "label": "Over $147,000–$148,000",
      "amounts": [
       886,
       797.4,
       717.66,
       645.89
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 149000,
      "label": "Over $148,000–$149,000",
      "amounts": [
       892,
       802.8,
       722.52,
       650.27
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 150000,
      "label": "Over $149,000–$150,000",
      "amounts": [
       898,
       808.2,
       727.38,
       654.64
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 151000,
      "label": "Over $150,000–$151,000",
      "amounts": [
       904,
       813.6,
       732.24,
       659.02
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 152000,
      "label": "Over $151,000–$152,000",
      "amounts": [
       910,
       819,
       737.1,
       663.39
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 153000,
      "label": "Over $152,000–$153,000",
      "amounts": [
       916,
       824.4,
       741.96,
       667.76
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 154000,
      "label": "Over $153,000–$154,000",
      "amounts": [
       922,
       829.8,
       746.82,
       672.14
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 155000,
      "label": "Over $154,000–$155,000",
      "amounts": [
       928,
       835.2,
       751.68,
       676.51
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 156000,
      "label": "Over $155,000–$156,000",
      "amounts": [
       934,
       840.6,
       756.54,
       680.89
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 157000,
      "label": "Over $156,000–$157,000",
      "amounts": [
       940,
       846,
       761.4,
       685.26
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 158000,
      "label": "Over $157,000–$158,000",
      "amounts": [
       946,
       851.4,
       766.26,
       689.63
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 159000,
      "label": "Over $158,000–$159,000",
      "amounts": [
       952,
       856.8,
       771.12,
       694.01
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 160000,
      "label": "Over $159,000–$160,000",
      "amounts": [
       958,
       862.2,
       775.98,
       698.38
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 161000,
      "label": "Over $160,000–$161,000",
      "amounts": [
       964,
       867.6,
       780.84,
       702.76
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 162000,
      "label": "Over $161,000–$162,000",
      "amounts": [
       970,
       873,
       785.7,
       707.13
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 163000,
      "label": "Over $162,000–$163,000",
      "amounts": [
       976,
       878.4,
       790.56,
       711.5
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 164000,
      "label": "Over $163,000–$164,000",
      "amounts": [
       982,
       883.8,
       795.42,
       715.88
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 165000,
      "label": "Over $164,000–$165,000",
      "amounts": [
       988,
       889.2,
       800.28,
       720.25
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 166000,
      "label": "Over $165,000–$166,000",
      "amounts": [
       994,
       894.6,
       805.14,
       724.63
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 167000,
      "label": "Over $166,000–$167,000",
      "amounts": [
       1000,
       900,
       810,
       729
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 168000,
      "label": "Over $167,000–$168,000",
      "amounts": [
       1006,
       905.4,
       814.86,
       733.37
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 169000,
      "label": "Over $168,000–$169,000",
      "amounts": [
       1012,
       910.8,
       819.72,
       737.75
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 170000,
      "label": "Over $169,000–$170,000",
      "amounts": [
       1018,
       916.2,
       824.58,
       742.12
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 171000,
      "label": "Over $170,000–$171,000",
      "amounts": [
       1024,
       921.6,
       829.44,
       746.5
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 172000,
      "label": "Over $171,000–$172,000",
      "amounts": [
       1030,
       927,
       834.3,
       750.87
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 173000,
      "label": "Over $172,000–$173,000",
      "amounts": [
       1036,
       932.4,
       839.16,
       755.24
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 174000,
      "label": "Over $173,000–$174,000",
      "amounts": [
       1042,
       937.8,
       844.02,
       759.62
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 175000,
      "label": "Over $174,000–$175,000",
      "amounts": [
       1048,
       943.2,
       848.88,
       763.99
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 176000,
      "label": "Over $175,000–$176,000",
      "amounts": [
       1054,
       948.6,
       853.74,
       768.37
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 177000,
      "label": "Over $176,000–$177,000",
      "amounts": [
       1060,
       954,
       858.6,
       772.74
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 178000,
      "label": "Over $177,000–$178,000",
      "amounts": [
       1066,
       959.4,
       863.46,
       777.11
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 179000,
      "label": "Over $178,000–$179,000",
      "amounts": [
       1072,
       964.8,
       868.32,
       781.49
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 180000,
      "label": "Over $179,000–$180,000",
      "amounts": [
       1078,
       970.2,
       873.18,
       785.86
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 181000,
      "label": "Over $180,000–$181,000",
      "amounts": [
       1084,
       975.6,
       878.04,
       790.24
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 182000,
      "label": "Over $181,000–$182,000",
      "amounts": [
       1090,
       981,
       882.9,
       794.61
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 183000,
      "label": "Over $182,000–$183,000",
      "amounts": [
       1096,
       986.4,
       887.76,
       798.98
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 184000,
      "label": "Over $183,000–$184,000",
      "amounts": [
       1102,
       991.8,
       892.62,
       803.36
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 185000,
      "label": "Over $184,000–$185,000",
      "amounts": [
       1108,
       997.2,
       897.48,
       807.73
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 186000,
      "label": "Over $185,000–$186,000",
      "amounts": [
       1114,
       1002.6,
       902.34,
       812.11
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 187000,
      "label": "Over $186,000–$187,000",
      "amounts": [
       1120,
       1008,
       907.2,
       816.48
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 188000,
      "label": "Over $187,000–$188,000",
      "amounts": [
       1126,
       1013.4,
       912.06,
       820.85
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 189000,
      "label": "Over $188,000–$189,000",
      "amounts": [
       1132,
       1018.8,
       916.92,
       825.23
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 190000,
      "label": "Over $189,000–$190,000",
      "amounts": [
       1138,
       1024.2,
       921.78,
       829.6
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 191000,
      "label": "Over $190,000–$191,000",
      "amounts": [
       1144,
       1029.6,
       926.64,
       833.98
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 192000,
      "label": "Over $191,000–$192,000",
      "amounts": [
       1150,
       1035,
       931.5,
       838.35
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 193000,
      "label": "Over $192,000–$193,000",
      "amounts": [
       1156,
       1040.4,
       936.36,
       842.72
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 194000,
      "label": "Over $193,000–$194,000",
      "amounts": [
       1162,
       1045.8,
       941.22,
       847.1
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 195000,
      "label": "Over $194,000–$195,000",
      "amounts": [
       1168,
       1051.2,
       946.08,
       851.47
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 196000,
      "label": "Over $195,000–$196,000",
      "amounts": [
       1174,
       1056.6,
       950.94,
       855.85
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 197000,
      "label": "Over $196,000–$197,000",
      "amounts": [
       1180,
       1062,
       955.8,
       860.22
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 198000,
      "label": "Over $197,000–$198,000",
      "amounts": [
       1186,
       1067.4,
       960.66,
       864.59
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 199000,
      "label": "Over $198,000–$199,000",
      "amounts": [
       1192,
       1072.8,
       965.52,
       868.97
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 200000,
      "label": "Over $199,000–$200,000",
      "amounts": [
       1198,
       1078.2,
       970.38,
       873.34
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 201000,
      "label": "Over $200,000–$201,000",
      "amounts": [
       1204,
       1083.6,
       975.24,
       877.72
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 202000,
      "label": "Over $201,000–$202,000",
      "amounts": [
       1210,
       1089,
       980.1,
       882.09
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 203000,
      "label": "Over $202,000–$203,000",
      "amounts": [
       1216,
       1094.4,
       984.96,
       886.46
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 204000,
      "label": "Over $203,000–$204,000",
      "amounts": [
       1222,
       1099.8,
       989.82,
       890.84
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 205000,
      "label": "Over $204,000–$205,000",
      "amounts": [
       1228,
       1105.2,
       994.68,
       895.21
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 206000,
      "label": "Over $205,000–$206,000",
      "amounts": [
       1234,
       1110.6,
       999.54,
       899.59
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 207000,
      "label": "Over $206,000–$207,000",
      "amounts": [
       1240,
       1116,
       1004.4,
       903.96
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 208000,
      "label": "Over $207,000–$208,000",
      "amounts": [
       1246,
       1121.4,
       1009.26,
       908.33
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 209000,
      "label": "Over $208,000–$209,000",
      "amounts": [
       1252,
       1126.8,
       1014.12,
       912.71
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 210000,
      "label": "Over $209,000–$210,000",
      "amounts": [
       1258,
       1132.2,
       1018.98,
       917.08
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 211000,
      "label": "Over $210,000–$211,000",
      "amounts": [
       1264,
       1137.6,
       1023.84,
       921.46
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 212000,
      "label": "Over $211,000–$212,000",
      "amounts": [
       1270,
       1143,
       1028.7,
       925.83
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 213000,
      "label": "Over $212,000–$213,000",
      "amounts": [
       1276,
       1148.4,
       1033.56,
       930.2
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 214000,
      "label": "Over $213,000–$214,000",
      "amounts": [
       1282,
       1153.8,
       1038.42,
       934.58
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 215000,
      "label": "Over $214,000–$215,000",
      "amounts": [
       1288,
       1159.2,
       1043.28,
       938.95
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 216000,
      "label": "Over $215,000–$216,000",
      "amounts": [
       1294,
       1164.6,
       1048.14,
       943.33
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 217000,
      "label": "Over $216,000–$217,000",
      "amounts": [
       1300,
       1170,
       1053,
       947.7
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 218000,
      "label": "Over $217,000–$218,000",
      "amounts": [
       1306,
       1175.4,
       1057.86,
       952.07
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 219000,
      "label": "Over $218,000–$219,000",
      "amounts": [
       1312,
       1180.8,
       1062.72,
       956.45
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 220000,
      "label": "Over $219,000–$220,000",
      "amounts": [
       1318,
       1186.2,
       1067.58,
       960.82
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 221000,
      "label": "Over $220,000–$221,000",
      "amounts": [
       1324,
       1191.6,
       1072.44,
       965.2
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 222000,
      "label": "Over $221,000–$222,000",
      "amounts": [
       1330,
       1197,
       1077.3,
       969.57
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 223000,
      "label": "Over $222,000–$223,000",
      "amounts": [
       1336,
       1202.4,
       1082.16,
       973.94
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 224000,
      "label": "Over $223,000–$224,000",
      "amounts": [
       1342,
       1207.8,
       1087.02,
       978.32
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 225000,
      "label": "Over $224,000–$225,000",
      "amounts": [
       1348,
       1213.2,
       1091.88,
       982.69
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 226000,
      "label": "Over $225,000–$226,000",
      "amounts": [
       1354,
       1218.6,
       1096.74,
       987.07
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 227000,
      "label": "Over $226,000–$227,000",
      "amounts": [
       1360,
       1224,
       1101.6,
       991.44
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 228000,
      "label": "Over $227,000–$228,000",
      "amounts": [
       1366,
       1229.4,
       1106.46,
       995.81
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 229000,
      "label": "Over $228,000–$229,000",
      "amounts": [
       1372,
       1234.8,
       1111.32,
       1000.19
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 230000,
      "label": "Over $229,000–$230,000",
      "amounts": [
       1378,
       1240.2,
       1116.18,
       1004.56
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 231000,
      "label": "Over $230,000–$231,000",
      "amounts": [
       1384,
       1245.6,
       1121.04,
       1008.94
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 232000,
      "label": "Over $231,000–$232,000",
      "amounts": [
       1390,
       1251,
       1125.9,
       1013.31
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 233000,
      "label": "Over $232,000–$233,000",
      "amounts": [
       1396,
       1256.4,
       1130.76,
       1017.68
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 234000,
      "label": "Over $233,000–$234,000",
      "amounts": [
       1402,
       1261.8,
       1135.62,
       1022.06
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 235000,
      "label": "Over $234,000–$235,000",
      "amounts": [
       1408,
       1267.2,
       1140.48,
       1026.43
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 236000,
      "label": "Over $235,000–$236,000",
      "amounts": [
       1414,
       1272.6,
       1145.34,
       1030.81
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 237000,
      "label": "Over $236,000–$237,000",
      "amounts": [
       1420,
       1278,
       1150.2,
       1035.18
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 238000,
      "label": "Over $237,000–$238,000",
      "amounts": [
       1426,
       1283.4,
       1155.06,
       1039.55
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 239000,
      "label": "Over $238,000–$239,000",
      "amounts": [
       1432,
       1288.8,
       1159.92,
       1043.93
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 240000,
      "label": "Over $239,000–$240,000",
      "amounts": [
       1438,
       1294.2,
       1164.78,
       1048.3
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 241000,
      "label": "Over $240,000–$241,000",
      "amounts": [
       1444,
       1299.6,
       1169.64,
       1052.68
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 242000,
      "label": "Over $241,000–$242,000",
      "amounts": [
       1450,
       1305,
       1174.5,
       1057.05
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 243000,
      "label": "Over $242,000–$243,000",
      "amounts": [
       1456,
       1310.4,
       1179.36,
       1061.42
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 244000,
      "label": "Over $243,000–$244,000",
      "amounts": [
       1462,
       1315.8,
       1184.22,
       1065.8
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 245000,
      "label": "Over $244,000–$245,000",
      "amounts": [
       1468,
       1321.2,
       1189.08,
       1070.17
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 246000,
      "label": "Over $245,000–$246,000",
      "amounts": [
       1474,
       1326.6,
       1193.94,
       1074.55
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 247000,
      "label": "Over $246,000–$247,000",
      "amounts": [
       1480,
       1332,
       1198.8,
       1078.92
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 248000,
      "label": "Over $247,000–$248,000",
      "amounts": [
       1486,
       1337.4,
       1203.66,
       1083.29
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 249000,
      "label": "Over $248,000–$249,000",
      "amounts": [
       1492,
       1342.8,
       1208.52,
       1087.67
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 250000,
      "label": "Over $249,000–$250,000",
      "amounts": [
       1498,
       1348.2,
       1213.38,
       1092.04
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": null,
      "label": "Over $250,000",
      "amounts": [
       1498,
       1348.2,
       1213.38,
       1092.04
      ]
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "note": "MCL 257.801(1)(p). Registration tax for 1984 and newer passenger vehicles, by the manufacturer's suggested base list price: $36 up to $6,000, then $40 for $6,001–$7,000 and $6 more for each $1,000 up to $178 at $30,000, plus $6 for each $1,000 (or fraction) over $30,000. The second registration pays 90% of the first-year tax, the third 81%, and the fourth and later 72.9%. For a used or newly arrived car, the year is the registration year minus the model year (0 or less = first, 1 = second, 2 = third, 3+ = fourth). Over $250,000, add $6 per $1,000 above the amount shown."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6,
    "name": "Michigan sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "The trade-in credit is capped."
   },
   "registration": "The registration tax is value-based as described above, plus EV and hybrid fees. A title costs $15.",
   "due": "Paid every year on the owner's birthday, with registration renewal.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "MCL 257.801",
     "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-801"
    },
    {
     "title": "Michigan SOS – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/sos/vehicle/registration"
    },
    {
     "title": "MCL 257.801 (PDF)",
     "url": "https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/MCL-257-801.pdf"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Minnesota",
   "code": "MN",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/minnesota/",
   "summary": "Minnesota's yearly registration tax is $10 plus 1.575% of the car's MSRP (no destination charge), shrunk by a fixed schedule as the car ages. From year 11 it is a flat $30 total. You pay it with your tab renewal at Driver and Vehicle Services or a deputy registrar.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpSchedule",
    "per": 1000,
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "mills": 15.75
     },
     {
      "age": 1,
      "mills": 14.9625
     },
     {
      "age": 2,
      "mills": 14.175
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "mills": 12.6
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "mills": 11.025
     },
     {
      "age": 5,
      "mills": 9.45
     },
     {
      "age": 6,
      "mills": 7.875
     },
     {
      "age": 7,
      "mills": 6.3
     },
     {
      "age": 8,
      "mills": 3.9375
     },
     {
      "age": 9,
      "mills": 1.575
     },
     {
      "age": 10,
      "mills": 0,
      "flat": 20
     }
    ],
    "flat": 10,
    "note": "Minn. Stat. §168.013 subd. 1a (as amended 2025, for registration periods starting on or after Jan 1, 2026). Tax = $10 + 1.575% × MSRP × the depreciation percentage. The percentages are 100, 95, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 25, and 10 for years 1–10, and the value part is $20 from year 11. Cars first registered in MN before Nov 16, 2020 use 1.54% of MSRP + destination. The tax cannot exceed the smallest amount previously paid. EVs pay an extra surcharge (0.5% of depreciated MSRP, minimum $150)."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.5,
    "name": "Minnesota motor vehicle sales tax (MVST)",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Some cities and counties also charge a $20 excise on vehicle purchases. General local sales taxes do not apply to cars."
   },
   "registration": "The yearly amount is the registration tax described above, plus filing and technology fees of about $12–$20. A title costs about $11 plus fees.",
   "due": "Due every year with tab renewal, by the last day of the month your tabs expire.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Minn. Stat. §168.013",
     "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/168.013"
    },
    {
     "title": "2025 Minn. Laws ch. 8 art. 2 §15",
     "url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2025/1/Session+Law/Chapter/8/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Mississippi",
   "code": "MS",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/mississippi/",
   "summary": "Mississippi charges a yearly ad valorem tax on cars, paid at the county tax collector when you renew your tag. The assessed value is 30% of the DOR value (from MSRP, depreciated over 10 years) times local millage, minus a state Legislative Tag Credit. Buying a car costs 5% sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 0.3,
    "ratePer": 1000,
    "valueBasis": "msrp-depreciated",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Assessment = 30% of the DOR value (MSRP depreciated on a 10-year schedule, $100 minimum assessed value). Tax = assessment × county/city/school millage ÷ 1,000, minus the Legislative Tag Credit (a % set by DOR each year)."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5,
    "name": "Mississippi sales tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "5% on the net price after dealer discounts and trade-in. Some cities may add local tourism or special taxes."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is $12.75 to renew ($14 the first time) plus a privilege tax of about $15. A title costs $9.",
   "due": "Paid every year with tag renewal in your registration month at the county tax collector.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Mississippi DOR – Motor vehicle ad valorem taxes",
     "url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/motor-vehicle/motor-vehicle-ad-valorem-taxes"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Missouri",
   "code": "MO",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/missouri/",
   "summary": "Missouri taxes cars every year as personal property, assessed at one-third of value as of January 1, times the local levy. The county collector bills it, and you need a paid receipt to renew your plates. Buying a car costs 4.225% state sales tax plus local.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 0.3333,
    "ratePer": 100,
    "valueBasis": "market",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "RSMo §137.115. Assessment = 33⅓% of the October-issue trade-in value in the guide chosen by the State Tax Commission. Tax = assessment × total levy per $100. You must list the car with the county assessor by March 1."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 4.225,
    "name": "Missouri state sales/use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Local sales tax for your home address is added. Paid to the DOR when you title the car."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is $18.25–$51.25 a year by taxable horsepower, plus a $9 processing fee. A title costs $8.50.",
   "due": "Due every year by December 31 (penalties after). You need a paid prior-year receipt or a statement of non-assessment to renew registration.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Missouri DOR – Titling and registration fees",
     "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/motor-vehicle/titling-registration/fees.html"
    },
    {
     "title": "RSMo §137.115",
     "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=137.115"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Montana",
   "code": "MT",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/montana/",
   "summary": "Montana has no sales tax and no value-based state car tax. Owners pay a flat registration fee by age: $217 for cars 4 years old or less, $87 for 5–10 years, and $28 for 11+ years. Counties may add a voter-approved local option tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "ageTable",
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "amount": 217
     },
     {
      "age": 5,
      "amount": 87
     },
     {
      "age": 11,
      "amount": 28
     }
    ],
    "note": "MCA 61-3-321(2). Montana has no property tax on cars; instead the yearly light vehicle registration fee depends on age: $217 for cars 4 years old or less, $87 for 5–10 years, $28 for 11+ years (or a one-time permanent registration). Cars with an MSRP over $150,000 that are 10 years old or less pay $825 more. Some counties add a local option vehicle tax (MCA 61-3-537); those amounts are not included."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 0,
    "name": "No sales tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": false,
    "note": "Montana has no sales tax on vehicles. Some resort areas charge resort tax on other goods, not on vehicle registration."
   },
   "registration": "The age-based fee is described above, plus title, plate, and county fees.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal at the county treasurer.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "MCA 61-3-321",
     "url": "https://archive.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0030/part_0030/section_0210/0610-0030-0030-0210.html"
    },
    {
     "title": "Montana MVD",
     "url": "https://mvdmt.gov/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Nebraska",
   "code": "NE",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/nebraska/",
   "summary": "Nebraska charges a yearly motor vehicle tax in place of property tax, paid at the county treasurer when you register. A base tax is set by the car's MSRP bracket when new, then cut by an age percentage until it reaches zero at 14 years. Registration also adds a motor vehicle fee and fixed registration fees.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpTable",
    "bands": [
     {
      "upTo": 3999.99,
      "label": "$0–$3,999 (base tax $25)",
      "amounts": [
       25,
       22.5,
       20,
       17.5,
       15,
       12.75,
       10.5,
       8.25,
       6,
       3.75,
       3.75,
       1.75,
       1.75,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 5999.99,
      "label": "$4,000–$5,999 (base tax $35)",
      "amounts": [
       35,
       31.5,
       28,
       24.5,
       21,
       17.85,
       14.7,
       11.55,
       8.4,
       5.25,
       5.25,
       2.45,
       2.45,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 7999.99,
      "label": "$6,000–$7,999 (base tax $45)",
      "amounts": [
       45,
       40.5,
       36,
       31.5,
       27,
       22.95,
       18.9,
       14.85,
       10.8,
       6.75,
       6.75,
       3.15,
       3.15,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 9999.99,
      "label": "$8,000–$9,999 (base tax $60)",
      "amounts": [
       60,
       54,
       48,
       42,
       36,
       30.6,
       25.2,
       19.8,
       14.4,
       9,
       9,
       4.2,
       4.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 11999.99,
      "label": "$10,000–$11,999 (base tax $100)",
      "amounts": [
       100,
       90,
       80,
       70,
       60,
       51,
       42,
       33,
       24,
       15,
       15,
       7,
       7,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 13999.99,
      "label": "$12,000–$13,999 (base tax $140)",
      "amounts": [
       140,
       126,
       112,
       98,
       84,
       71.4,
       58.8,
       46.2,
       33.6,
       21,
       21,
       9.8,
       9.8,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 15999.99,
      "label": "$14,000–$15,999 (base tax $180)",
      "amounts": [
       180,
       162,
       144,
       126,
       108,
       91.8,
       75.6,
       59.4,
       43.2,
       27,
       27,
       12.6,
       12.6,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 17999.99,
      "label": "$16,000–$17,999 (base tax $220)",
      "amounts": [
       220,
       198,
       176,
       154,
       132,
       112.2,
       92.4,
       72.6,
       52.8,
       33,
       33,
       15.4,
       15.4,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 19999.99,
      "label": "$18,000–$19,999 (base tax $260)",
      "amounts": [
       260,
       234,
       208,
       182,
       156,
       132.6,
       109.2,
       85.8,
       62.4,
       39,
       39,
       18.2,
       18.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 21999.99,
      "label": "$20,000–$21,999 (base tax $300)",
      "amounts": [
       300,
       270,
       240,
       210,
       180,
       153,
       126,
       99,
       72,
       45,
       45,
       21,
       21,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 23999.99,
      "label": "$22,000–$23,999 (base tax $340)",
      "amounts": [
       340,
       306,
       272,
       238,
       204,
       173.4,
       142.8,
       112.2,
       81.6,
       51,
       51,
       23.8,
       23.8,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 25999.99,
      "label": "$24,000–$25,999 (base tax $380)",
      "amounts": [
       380,
       342,
       304,
       266,
       228,
       193.8,
       159.6,
       125.4,
       91.2,
       57,
       57,
       26.6,
       26.6,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 27999.99,
      "label": "$26,000–$27,999 (base tax $420)",
      "amounts": [
       420,
       378,
       336,
       294,
       252,
       214.2,
       176.4,
       138.6,
       100.8,
       63,
       63,
       29.4,
       29.4,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 29999.99,
      "label": "$28,000–$29,999 (base tax $460)",
      "amounts": [
       460,
       414,
       368,
       322,
       276,
       234.6,
       193.2,
       151.8,
       110.4,
       69,
       69,
       32.2,
       32.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 31999.99,
      "label": "$30,000–$31,999 (base tax $500)",
      "amounts": [
       500,
       450,
       400,
       350,
       300,
       255,
       210,
       165,
       120,
       75,
       75,
       35,
       35,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 33999.99,
      "label": "$32,000–$33,999 (base tax $540)",
      "amounts": [
       540,
       486,
       432,
       378,
       324,
       275.4,
       226.8,
       178.2,
       129.6,
       81,
       81,
       37.8,
       37.8,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 35999.99,
      "label": "$34,000–$35,999 (base tax $580)",
      "amounts": [
       580,
       522,
       464,
       406,
       348,
       295.8,
       243.6,
       191.4,
       139.2,
       87,
       87,
       40.6,
       40.6,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 37999.99,
      "label": "$36,000–$37,999 (base tax $620)",
      "amounts": [
       620,
       558,
       496,
       434,
       372,
       316.2,
       260.4,
       204.6,
       148.8,
       93,
       93,
       43.4,
       43.4,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 39999.99,
      "label": "$38,000–$39,999 (base tax $660)",
      "amounts": [
       660,
       594,
       528,
       462,
       396,
       336.6,
       277.2,
       217.8,
       158.4,
       99,
       99,
       46.2,
       46.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 41999.99,
      "label": "$40,000–$41,999 (base tax $700)",
      "amounts": [
       700,
       630,
       560,
       490,
       420,
       357,
       294,
       231,
       168,
       105,
       105,
       49,
       49,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 43999.99,
      "label": "$42,000–$43,999 (base tax $740)",
      "amounts": [
       740,
       666,
       592,
       518,
       444,
       377.4,
       310.8,
       244.2,
       177.6,
       111,
       111,
       51.8,
       51.8,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 45999.99,
      "label": "$44,000–$45,999 (base tax $780)",
      "amounts": [
       780,
       702,
       624,
       546,
       468,
       397.8,
       327.6,
       257.4,
       187.2,
       117,
       117,
       54.6,
       54.6,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 47999.99,
      "label": "$46,000–$47,999 (base tax $820)",
      "amounts": [
       820,
       738,
       656,
       574,
       492,
       418.2,
       344.4,
       270.6,
       196.8,
       123,
       123,
       57.4,
       57.4,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 49999.99,
      "label": "$48,000–$49,999 (base tax $860)",
      "amounts": [
       860,
       774,
       688,
       602,
       516,
       438.6,
       361.2,
       283.8,
       206.4,
       129,
       129,
       60.2,
       60.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 51999.99,
      "label": "$50,000–$51,999 (base tax $900)",
      "amounts": [
       900,
       810,
       720,
       630,
       540,
       459,
       378,
       297,
       216,
       135,
       135,
       63,
       63,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 53999.99,
      "label": "$52,000–$53,999 (base tax $940)",
      "amounts": [
       940,
       846,
       752,
       658,
       564,
       479.4,
       394.8,
       310.2,
       225.6,
       141,
       141,
       65.8,
       65.8,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 55999.99,
      "label": "$54,000–$55,999 (base tax $980)",
      "amounts": [
       980,
       882,
       784,
       686,
       588,
       499.8,
       411.6,
       323.4,
       235.2,
       147,
       147,
       68.6,
       68.6,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 57999.99,
      "label": "$56,000–$57,999 (base tax $1,020)",
      "amounts": [
       1020,
       918,
       816,
       714,
       612,
       520.2,
       428.4,
       336.6,
       244.8,
       153,
       153,
       71.4,
       71.4,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 59999.99,
      "label": "$58,000–$59,999 (base tax $1,060)",
      "amounts": [
       1060,
       954,
       848,
       742,
       636,
       540.6,
       445.2,
       349.8,
       254.4,
       159,
       159,
       74.2,
       74.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 61999.99,
      "label": "$60,000–$61,999 (base tax $1,100)",
      "amounts": [
       1100,
       990,
       880,
       770,
       660,
       561,
       462,
       363,
       264,
       165,
       165,
       77,
       77,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 63999.99,
      "label": "$62,000–$63,999 (base tax $1,140)",
      "amounts": [
       1140,
       1026,
       912,
       798,
       684,
       581.4,
       478.8,
       376.2,
       273.6,
       171,
       171,
       79.8,
       79.8,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 65999.99,
      "label": "$64,000–$65,999 (base tax $1,180)",
      "amounts": [
       1180,
       1062,
       944,
       826,
       708,
       601.8,
       495.6,
       389.4,
       283.2,
       177,
       177,
       82.6,
       82.6,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 67999.99,
      "label": "$66,000–$67,999 (base tax $1,220)",
      "amounts": [
       1220,
       1098,
       976,
       854,
       732,
       622.2,
       512.4,
       402.6,
       292.8,
       183,
       183,
       85.4,
       85.4,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 69999.99,
      "label": "$68,000–$69,999 (base tax $1,260)",
      "amounts": [
       1260,
       1134,
       1008,
       882,
       756,
       642.6,
       529.2,
       415.8,
       302.4,
       189,
       189,
       88.2,
       88.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 71999.99,
      "label": "$70,000–$71,999 (base tax $1,300)",
      "amounts": [
       1300,
       1170,
       1040,
       910,
       780,
       663,
       546,
       429,
       312,
       195,
       195,
       91,
       91,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 73999.99,
      "label": "$72,000–$73,999 (base tax $1,340)",
      "amounts": [
       1340,
       1206,
       1072,
       938,
       804,
       683.4,
       562.8,
       442.2,
       321.6,
       201,
       201,
       93.8,
       93.8,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 75999.99,
      "label": "$74,000–$75,999 (base tax $1,380)",
      "amounts": [
       1380,
       1242,
       1104,
       966,
       828,
       703.8,
       579.6,
       455.4,
       331.2,
       207,
       207,
       96.6,
       96.6,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 77999.99,
      "label": "$76,000–$77,999 (base tax $1,420)",
      "amounts": [
       1420,
       1278,
       1136,
       994,
       852,
       724.2,
       596.4,
       468.6,
       340.8,
       213,
       213,
       99.4,
       99.4,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 79999.99,
      "label": "$78,000–$79,999 (base tax $1,460)",
      "amounts": [
       1460,
       1314,
       1168,
       1022,
       876,
       744.6,
       613.2,
       481.8,
       350.4,
       219,
       219,
       102.2,
       102.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 81999.99,
      "label": "$80,000–$81,999 (base tax $1,500)",
      "amounts": [
       1500,
       1350,
       1200,
       1050,
       900,
       765,
       630,
       495,
       360,
       225,
       225,
       105,
       105,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 83999.99,
      "label": "$82,000–$83,999 (base tax $1,540)",
      "amounts": [
       1540,
       1386,
       1232,
       1078,
       924,
       785.4,
       646.8,
       508.2,
       369.6,
       231,
       231,
       107.8,
       107.8,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 85999.99,
      "label": "$84,000–$85,999 (base tax $1,580)",
      "amounts": [
       1580,
       1422,
       1264,
       1106,
       948,
       805.8,
       663.6,
       521.4,
       379.2,
       237,
       237,
       110.6,
       110.6,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 87999.99,
      "label": "$86,000–$87,999 (base tax $1,620)",
      "amounts": [
       1620,
       1458,
       1296,
       1134,
       972,
       826.2,
       680.4,
       534.6,
       388.8,
       243,
       243,
       113.4,
       113.4,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 89999.99,
      "label": "$88,000–$89,999 (base tax $1,660)",
      "amounts": [
       1660,
       1494,
       1328,
       1162,
       996,
       846.6,
       697.2,
       547.8,
       398.4,
       249,
       249,
       116.2,
       116.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 91999.99,
      "label": "$90,000–$91,999 (base tax $1,700)",
      "amounts": [
       1700,
       1530,
       1360,
       1190,
       1020,
       867,
       714,
       561,
       408,
       255,
       255,
       119,
       119,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 93999.99,
      "label": "$92,000–$93,999 (base tax $1,740)",
      "amounts": [
       1740,
       1566,
       1392,
       1218,
       1044,
       887.4,
       730.8,
       574.2,
       417.6,
       261,
       261,
       121.8,
       121.8,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 95999.99,
      "label": "$94,000–$95,999 (base tax $1,780)",
      "amounts": [
       1780,
       1602,
       1424,
       1246,
       1068,
       907.8,
       747.6,
       587.4,
       427.2,
       267,
       267,
       124.6,
       124.6,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 97999.99,
      "label": "$96,000–$97,999 (base tax $1,820)",
      "amounts": [
       1820,
       1638,
       1456,
       1274,
       1092,
       928.2,
       764.4,
       600.6,
       436.8,
       273,
       273,
       127.4,
       127.4,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": 99999.99,
      "label": "$98,000–$99,999 (base tax $1,860)",
      "amounts": [
       1860,
       1674,
       1488,
       1302,
       1116,
       948.6,
       781.2,
       613.8,
       446.4,
       279,
       279,
       130.2,
       130.2,
       0
      ]
     },
     {
      "upTo": null,
      "label": "$100,000 and over (base tax $1,900)",
      "amounts": [
       1900,
       1710,
       1520,
       1330,
       1140,
       969,
       798,
       627,
       456,
       285,
       285,
       133,
       133,
       0
      ]
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "note": "Neb. Rev. Stat. §60-3,185 to 60-3,187. Motor vehicle tax = base tax for the MSRP bracket × 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 51%, 42%, 33%, 24% in registration years 1–9, 15% in years 10–11, 7% in years 12–13, and nothing from year 14. A salvage-branded title cuts the tax 25%. The motor vehicle fee (§60-3,190) and registration fees are billed separately."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5.5,
    "name": "Nebraska sales/use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Local option sales tax for your home address is collected by the county treasurer when you register."
   },
   "registration": "Passenger car registration is $15, plus $2 DMV, $1.50 recreation road, and $1.50 county fees. Plates cost $4.10 when issued. EVs pay a $150 alternative fuel fee.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal at the county treasurer, by the end of the registration month.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Nebraska DMV – Motor Vehicle Tax Calculation Table (§60-3,185)",
     "url": "https://dmv.nebraska.gov/sites/dmv.nebraska.gov/files/doc/dvr/MV_Tax_Fee_Chart.pdf"
    },
    {
     "title": "Nebraska DMV – Registration Fees and Taxes",
     "url": "https://dmv.nebraska.gov/dvr/registration-fees-and-taxes"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Nevada",
   "code": "NV",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/nevada/",
   "summary": "Nevada charges a yearly Governmental Services Tax (GST) in place of property tax, paid with DMV registration. The tax is 4% of a DMV value equal to 35% of the original MSRP, reduced each year to a 15% floor. Clark and Churchill counties add a 1% supplemental GST.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpSchedule",
    "per": 1000,
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "mills": 14
     },
     {
      "age": 1,
      "mills": 13.3
     },
     {
      "age": 2,
      "mills": 11.9
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "mills": 10.5
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "mills": 9.1
     },
     {
      "age": 5,
      "mills": 7.7
     },
     {
      "age": 6,
      "mills": 6.3
     },
     {
      "age": 7,
      "mills": 4.9
     },
     {
      "age": 8,
      "mills": 3.5
     },
     {
      "age": 9,
      "mills": 2.1
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "NRS 371. Basic GST = 4% × (35% of MSRP) × depreciation: 100%, 95%, 85%, 75%, 65%, 55%, 45%, 35%, 25%, then 15% floor. The minimum is $16. Clark and Churchill counties add a 1% supplemental GST on the same value (supplemental is 1/4 of the mills shown). Mills are per $1 of original MSRP. Age counts from the model year."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.85,
    "name": "Nevada sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "County rates are added (Clark 8.375% total, Washoe 8.265%). Private-party sales are not taxed at the DMV."
   },
   "registration": "Base registration is $33 a year plus GST, a governmental services fee, and a smog fee where required.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal, by the expiration date.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Nevada DMV – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://dmv.nv.gov/regfees.htm"
    },
    {
     "title": "Nevada Department of Taxation – Sales/use tax",
     "url": "https://tax.nv.gov/tax-types/sales-use-tax/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "New Hampshire",
   "code": "NH",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/new-hampshire/",
   "summary": "New Hampshire has no sales tax. Car owners instead pay a yearly municipal permit fee to their town, based on the manufacturer's list price and model year, before paying the state registration fee. The rates are set by state law (RSA 261:153) and are the same in every town.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpSchedule",
    "per": 1000,
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "mills": 18
     },
     {
      "age": 1,
      "mills": 15
     },
     {
      "age": 2,
      "mills": 12
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "mills": 9
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "mills": 6
     },
     {
      "age": 5,
      "mills": 3
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "note": "RSA 261:153. The rate is 18 mills for the current model year, then 15, 12, 9 and 6, and 3 mills for the fifth preceding year and older. The minimum is $5. Some towns add optional fees such as a $5 transportation improvement fee or a clean-air fee."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 0,
    "name": "No sales tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": false,
    "note": "New Hampshire has no sales or use tax on cars. A title costs $25."
   },
   "registration": "The state registration fee depends on weight: about $31.20 for cars up to 3,000 lb, $43.20 for 3,001–5,000 lb, and $55.20 for 5,001–8,000 lb. Title costs $25.",
   "due": "Paid at your town or city clerk every year in your birth month (or when you first register), before the state portion.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "RSA 261:153 Municipal permit fees",
     "url": "https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/261/261-153.htm"
    },
    {
     "title": "NH DMV registration fees",
     "url": "https://www.dmv.nh.gov/registrations/registration-fees"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "New Jersey",
   "code": "NJ",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/new-jersey/",
   "summary": "New Jersey has no yearly car tax. Owners pay registration fees by model year and weight, and zero-emission vehicles pay an extra yearly ZEV fee. A car purchase is taxed at 6.625%, plus a 0.4% surcharge on new cars of $45,000 or more or with low fuel economy.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly value-based car tax. ZEVs pay a yearly ZEV fee of about $250 or more, rising $10 a year."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.625,
    "name": "New Jersey sales and use tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "A one-time 0.4% surcharge applies to new cars priced at $45,000 or more or rated under 19 mpg (ZEVs exempt). Urban Enterprise Zone reduced rates do not apply to cars."
   },
   "registration": "Passenger car registration is about $46.50–$84 a year, by age and weight. A title costs $60.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "NJ MVC – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/regfees.htm"
    },
    {
     "title": "NJ Treasury – Luxury and fuel-inefficient surcharge",
     "url": "https://www.nj.gov/treasury/taxation/luxury_over.shtml"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "New Mexico",
   "code": "NM",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/new-mexico/",
   "summary": "New Mexico has no yearly car tax based on value. Registration is a flat fee by weight and age. When you title a car you pay a one-time 4% Motor Vehicle Excise Tax in place of sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 4,
    "name": "New Mexico motor vehicle excise tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "4% of the price after trade-in (3% before July 2019). For a private sale, NADA value is used if the declared price is under 80% of NADA. A 2026 bill (SB 60) proposed changes; enactment unconfirmed."
   },
   "registration": "Registration costs about $27–$62 a year, by weight and age.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year or two.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "NM MVD – Fees, penalties and excise tax",
     "url": "https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/chapter-6-fees-penalties-and-excise-tax/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "New York",
   "code": "NY",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/new-york/",
   "summary": "New York has no yearly car tax based on value. Owners pay registration fees by weight, plus county vehicle use taxes and, in the MCTD region, a supplemental fee. When you buy a car you pay 4% state sales tax plus the local rate where you live.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No value-based yearly tax. The registration fee depends on weight, and counties add a vehicle use tax of $10–$60 per two years."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 4,
    "name": "New York State sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "The local rate for your county or city of residence is added, for a total of about 7–8.875%. Trade-ins are deducted on dealer purchases."
   },
   "registration": "Registration costs $26–$140 for two years by weight. County use tax is $10–$60 per two years, and the MCTD supplemental fee is $50 per two years in the 12 MCTD counties.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every two years.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "NY DMV – Passenger vehicle registration fees, use taxes and supplemental fees",
     "url": "https://dmv.ny.gov/registration/passenger-vehicle-registration-fees-use-taxes-and-supplemental-fees"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "North Carolina",
   "code": "NC",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/north-carolina/",
   "summary": "North Carolina taxes cars every year as property at the county rate plus the city rate where it applies, per $100 of value. The tax is billed on the DMV renewal notice and paid together with registration ('Tag & Tax Together'). When you title a car you pay a one-time 3% Highway Use Tax instead of sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 1,
    "ratePer": 100,
    "valueBasis": "market",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Value = 100% of market value as set by the county assessor. Rate = county rate + municipal rate (+ fire or special district where applicable) per $100. Collected by NCDMV with renewal."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 3,
    "name": "North Carolina Highway Use Tax (HUT)",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Dealer sales are taxed on price plus doc fee minus trade-in. Private sales use the computed value. A car brought in by a new resident pays at most $250."
   },
   "registration": "A private passenger plate is $46.25 a year, plus county or transit registration taxes of $1–$8 in some counties. A title costs $66.75.",
   "due": "Paid with the yearly registration renewal (the notice arrives about 60 days before the plate expires). For a newly purchased car, the first property tax is deferred and billed with the first renewal.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "NCDOT – Vehicle property tax",
     "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/title-registration/Pages/vehicle-property-tax.aspx"
    },
    {
     "title": "NCDMV – Fee schedule (MVR-106)",
     "url": "https://www.ncdot.gov/dmv/downloads/Documents/MVR-106.pdf"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "North Dakota",
   "code": "ND",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/north-dakota/",
   "summary": "North Dakota has no yearly car tax based on value. Registration is a flat fee by weight and age. When you title a car you pay a one-time 5% motor vehicle excise tax in place of sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5,
    "name": "North Dakota motor vehicle excise tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true
   },
   "registration": "Registration costs about $49–$274 a year, by weight and age.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "NDCC ch. 57-40.3",
     "url": "https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t57c40-3.pdf"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Ohio",
   "code": "OH",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/ohio/",
   "summary": "Ohio has no yearly value-based car tax. Registration is a flat fee, and most counties and cities add flat permissive license taxes. A car purchase is taxed at 5.75% plus the county rate where you live.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No value-based yearly tax. County and municipal permissive license taxes are flat, usually $5–$25 or more a year."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5.75,
    "name": "Ohio sales/use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "The county rate is added, based on your county of residence. Trade-in credit applies only to new vehicles bought from a dealer."
   },
   "registration": "Base registration is $31 plus permissive taxes. Hybrids add $100 and EVs add $200. A title costs $15.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year, due on the owner's birthday.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Ohio Department of Taxation – Motor vehicle sales",
     "url": "https://tax.ohio.gov/business/ohio-business-taxes/sales-and-use/motor-vehicle-sales"
    },
    {
     "title": "Ohio BMV",
     "url": "https://www.bmv.ohio.gov/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Oklahoma",
   "code": "OK",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/oklahoma/",
   "summary": "Oklahoma has no yearly car tax based on value. Registration is a flat fee that drops with age, from $96 down to $26. When you title a car you pay a 3.25% motor vehicle excise tax plus 1.25% sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "ageTable",
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "amount": 96
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "amount": 86
     },
     {
      "age": 8,
      "amount": 66
     },
     {
      "age": 12,
      "amount": 46
     },
     {
      "age": 16,
      "amount": 26
     }
    ],
    "note": "Oklahoma has no value-based yearly car tax; the annual registration fee, which stands in lieu of property tax, depends on age: $96 in registration years 1–4, $86 in years 5–8, $66 in years 9–12, $46 in years 13–16, and $26 from year 17."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 4.5,
    "name": "Oklahoma motor vehicle excise tax (3.25%) + sales tax (1.25%)",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": false,
    "note": "New cars pay 3.25% excise + 1.25% sales tax on value. Used cars pay $20 on the first $1,500 + 3.25% of the rest, plus 1.25%. No trade-in credit."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is $96 for years 1–4, then $86, $66, $46, and $26 from year 17. A title costs $11.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Oklahoma Service Oklahoma – Fees",
     "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/service/all-services/auto-vehicle/fees.html"
    },
    {
     "title": "OAC 710:60 Motor vehicles",
     "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/tax/documents/resources/rules-and-policies/motor-vehicle-policy/Chapter60-MotorVehicles.pdf"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Oregon",
   "code": "OR",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/oregon/",
   "summary": "Oregon has no yearly car tax and no sales tax. Owners pay registration fees tiered by fuel economy, plus county fees in some counties. New cars bought from an Oregon dealer pay a 0.5% vehicle privilege tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 0.5,
    "name": "Oregon vehicle privilege tax (new vehicles)",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": false,
    "note": "Applies only to new vehicles: 0.5% of the retail price for an Oregon dealer sale, or 0.5% use tax for a new car bought from an out-of-state dealer. Used cars are not taxed."
   },
   "registration": "Registration costs about $126–$156 for two years, tiered by MPG, plus county registration fees in some counties. A title costs $101 or more.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every two years.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Oregon DOR – Vehicle privilege and use taxes",
     "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/dor/programs/businesses/Pages/Vehicle-Privilege-and-Use-Taxes.aspx"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Pennsylvania",
   "code": "PA",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/pennsylvania/",
   "summary": "Pennsylvania has no yearly car tax. Owners pay a flat registration fee. A car purchase is taxed at 6% statewide, 7% in Allegheny County, and 8% in Philadelphia.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6,
    "name": "Pennsylvania sales/use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Allegheny County adds 1% and Philadelphia adds 2%, based on where you live."
   },
   "registration": "Passenger car registration is about $45 a year. A title costs about $67.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year (two-year option available).",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "PA Department of Revenue – Sales, use and hotel occupancy tax",
     "url": "https://www.pa.gov/en/agencies/revenue/resources/tax-types-and-information/sales-use-and-hotel-occupancy-tax.html"
    },
    {
     "title": "PennDOT – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dmv"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Rhode Island",
   "code": "RI",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/rhode-island/",
   "summary": "Rhode Island no longer has a car tax. The motor vehicle excise tax was phased out and ended a year early in FY2023 (July 2022). Owners now pay only registration fees, plus 7% sales tax when they buy.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "The motor vehicle excise tax was eliminated in FY2023 (tax bills from July 2022 on). The last levy was FY2022. Only registration fees remain."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 7,
    "name": "Rhode Island sales/use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Paid to the DMV at registration on private-party purchases."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is weight-based, roughly $30–$70 a year for a passenger car, with a two-year term. A title costs $52.50.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax bill. Registration renews every two years.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "RI Division of Municipal Finance – Motor vehicle excise phase-out",
     "url": "https://dor.ri.gov/media/5216/download?language=en"
    },
    {
     "title": "Governor's release – car tax elimination",
     "url": "https://www.ri.gov/press/view/43870"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "South Carolina",
   "code": "SC",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/south-carolina/",
   "summary": "South Carolina counties tax cars every year as property. The tax is 6% of the DOR's market value times the local millage. You pay the county before the DMV will renew your registration. When you buy a car you pay a one-time 5% infrastructure maintenance fee, capped at $500.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 0.06,
    "ratePer": 1000,
    "valueBasis": "market",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Assessment = 6% of fair market value (DOR vehicle value guide, with high-mileage adjustments, §12-37-2680). Tax = assessment × total county, school, and city millage ÷ 1,000. 6% ratio: medium confidence (statute section not retrieved)."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5,
    "cap": 500,
    "name": "South Carolina infrastructure maintenance fee (IMF)",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "5% capped at $500, instead of sales tax. New residents pay a flat $250."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is about $40 for two years for a passenger car (less for drivers 65+). A title costs $15.",
   "due": "Due before each registration renewal. The tax covers the same period as the registration, and the DMV will not renew until the county tax is paid.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "S.C. Code Title 12 Ch. 37 (vehicle tax, §12-37-2610 to 2680)",
     "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t12c037.php"
    },
    {
     "title": "S.C. Code Title 12 Ch. 43 (assessment ratios)",
     "url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t12c043.php"
    },
    {
     "title": "SCDMV",
     "url": "https://www.scdmvonline.com/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "South Dakota",
   "code": "SD",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/south-dakota/",
   "summary": "South Dakota has no yearly car tax based on value. Registration is a flat fee by weight and age. When you title a car you pay a one-time 4% motor vehicle excise tax in place of sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 4,
    "name": "South Dakota motor vehicle excise tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Gifts between spouses, parents and children, and siblings are exempt."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is a flat fee by weight and age, roughly $30–$120 a year, plus county fees.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "SDCL 32-5B-1",
     "url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/32-5B-1.html"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Tennessee",
   "code": "TN",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/tennessee/",
   "summary": "Tennessee has no yearly car tax based on value. Owners pay registration and, in many counties, a flat wheel tax. A car purchase is taxed at 7% state, plus local tax on the first $1,600 and a state single-article tax on the next $1,600.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly value-based tax. Many counties charge a flat wheel tax with registration."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 7,
    "name": "Tennessee sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "The local option rate (up to 2.75%) applies to the first $1,600. A state single-article tax of 2.75% applies to $1,600–$3,200. Trade-in credit applies (like-kind)."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is about $26.50–$29 a year plus any county wheel tax. A title costs about $14.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Tennessee DOR – Single article special tax rates",
     "url": "https://www.tn.gov/revenue/taxes/sales-and-use-tax/single-article-special-tax-rates.html"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Texas",
   "code": "TX",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/texas/",
   "summary": "Texas has no yearly car tax for personal vehicles. Owners pay registration and inspection fees. A car purchase is taxed at 6.25% motor vehicle sales tax, with no local addition.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.25,
    "name": "Texas motor vehicle sales and use tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "A used private-party sale is taxed on the higher of the price or 80% of standard presumptive value. New residents pay a flat $90 new-resident tax."
   },
   "registration": "Base registration is $50.75 plus a county local fee of up to about $31.50, an inspection fee, and a processing fee. EVs pay $200 extra. A title costs about $28–$33.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year with the inspection.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Texas Comptroller – Motor vehicle sales and use tax",
     "url": "https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/motor-vehicle/sales-use.php"
    },
    {
     "title": "TxDMV – Registration fees",
     "url": "https://www.txdmv.gov/motorists/register-your-vehicle"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Utah",
   "code": "UT",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/utah/",
   "summary": "Utah charges a flat age-based uniform fee on cars and light trucks in place of property tax, paid with registration. The fee runs from $150 for cars under 3 years old down to $10 for cars 12 years or older. A car purchase is taxed at 4.85% state plus local sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "ageTable",
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "amount": 150
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "amount": 110
     },
     {
      "age": 6,
      "amount": 80
     },
     {
      "age": 9,
      "amount": 50
     },
     {
      "age": 12,
      "amount": 10
     }
    ],
    "note": "Utah Code §59-2-405. Passenger cars, light trucks, SUVs and vans pay a uniform age-based fee in lieu of property tax each year at registration: $150 for the newest three model years, then $110, $80, $50, and $10 for cars 12+ years old. It is not based on value; registration fees are extra."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 4.85,
    "name": "Utah sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Local rates are added (about 6.1–8.5% total) and also apply to private-party sales."
   },
   "registration": "Base registration is about $44 plus the uniform fee, an emissions fee where required, and EV or hybrid fees.",
   "due": "Paid every year with registration renewal, by the expiration date.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Utah DMV – Uniform fees",
     "url": "https://dmv.utah.gov/register/registration-taxes-fees/uniform-fees/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Vermont",
   "code": "VT",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/vermont/",
   "summary": "Vermont has no yearly car tax. Cars are not taxed as property, so owners pay only registration fees. When you buy or register a car, Vermont charges a one-time 6% purchase and use tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No yearly car tax; only registration fees."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6,
    "name": "Vermont motor vehicle purchase and use tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Charged on the greater of the price or J.D. Power clean trade-in value. The $2,486 cap applies only to heavy trucks and some other vehicles, not to cars."
   },
   "registration": "Car registration is $91 for one year or $167 for two years. Plug-in hybrids pay $135.50 and EVs pay $178 a year.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every one or two years.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Vermont DMV – Vehicle taxation",
     "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/tax-title/vehicle-taxation"
    },
    {
     "title": "Vermont DMV – Fees",
     "url": "https://dmv.vermont.gov/registrations/fees"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Virginia",
   "code": "VA",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/virginia/",
   "summary": "Virginia counties and cities tax cars every year as personal property, at a rate per $100 of value that each locality sets. The Personal Property Tax Relief Act (PPTRA) cuts the tax on the first $20,000 of value for qualifying personal-use cars, and each locality sets its own relief percentage. Due dates vary by locality, often in October or December.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "pptra",
    "ratePer": 100,
    "reliefUpTo": 20000,
    "valueBasis": "market",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Code of Va. §58.1-3524 and §58.1-3506. Localities set the rate, the assessment % (usually 100%, J.D. Power clean trade-in or loan value), and the PPTRA relief % on the first $20,000 for qualifying personal-use vehicles. The state funds a fixed $950M a year, so the relief % differs by locality and year. Value above $20,000 gets no relief."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 4.15,
    "name": "Virginia motor vehicle sales and use tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": false,
    "note": "The minimum is $75. The tax is on the gross price with no deduction for a trade-in (§58.1-2401)."
   },
   "registration": "State registration is $23 (up to 4,000 lb) or $28 (over 4,000 lb) plus small add-ons, about $30.75–$35.75 a year. Many localities also charge a local vehicle license fee of $20–$40.",
   "due": "Set by each locality. Common due dates are October 5 or December 5 (some localities bill in two halves). Moving or selling mid-year is usually prorated.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Code of Va. §58.1-3524 (PPTRA)",
     "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title58.1/chapter35/section58.1-3524/"
    },
    {
     "title": "Code of Va. §58.1-2402",
     "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title58.1/chapter24/section58.1-2402/"
    },
    {
     "title": "Code of Va. §46.2-694",
     "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter6/section46.2-694/"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Washington",
   "code": "WA",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/washington/",
   "summary": "Washington has no statewide yearly car tax based on value. Inside the Sound Transit district (urban King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties), car tabs include a 1.1% motor vehicle excise tax (MVET) on the depreciated MSRP. A car purchase is taxed at the regular sales tax rate plus an extra 0.5% motor vehicle sales tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "other",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Sound Transit RTA MVET: 1.1% of depreciated MSRP (0.3% + 0.8%), charged at tab renewal inside the district only. Until the 1999 bonds are retired (expected 2028), the 0.3% portion uses the 1999 depreciation schedule; the 2006 schedule (RCW 82.44.035) is 100, 81, 72, 63, 55, 47, 41, 36, 32, 27, 26, 24, 23, 21, 16, then 10% from year 16. Outside the RTA district there is no value-based tax."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6.5,
    "name": "Washington retail sales tax + motor vehicle sales tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "Local sales tax is added, plus an extra 0.5% motor vehicle sales/use tax (RCW 82.08.020(3); raised from 0.3%)."
   },
   "registration": "Base registration is $30 plus weight, service, and other fees, about $90 or more. EVs and hybrids pay extra fees. Sound Transit and local TBD fees apply where adopted.",
   "due": "Paid every year with tab renewal, by the expiration date.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Sound Transit – MVET FAQ",
     "url": "https://www.soundtransit.org/sites/default/files/motor-vehicle-excise-tax-frequently-asked-questions.pdf"
    },
    {
     "title": "RCW 82.08.020",
     "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=82.08.020"
    },
    {
     "title": "RCW 82.44.035",
     "url": "https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=82.44.035"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "West Virginia",
   "code": "WV",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/west-virginia/",
   "summary": "West Virginia counties tax cars every year as personal property, assessed at 60% of value, at the combined state, county, school, and city levy per $100. Bills are due in two halves on September 1 and March 1. A refundable state income tax credit returns the vehicle property tax paid on time.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "assessed",
    "assessRatio": 0.6,
    "ratePer": 100,
    "valueBasis": "market",
    "localRate": true,
    "note": "Assessment = 60% of value. Levy rate in dollars per $100 (state, county, school, municipal). The Motor Vehicle Property Tax Adjustment Credit (TSD 454) refunds the tax paid on time through the state income tax, so the net cost can be zero."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 6,
    "name": "West Virginia motor vehicle privilege tax",
    "localAdds": false,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "6% (flat $30 for cars under $500)."
   },
   "registration": "Registration is about $51.50 a year. A title costs $15.",
   "due": "Due in two halves on September 1 and March 1 (2.5% discount for early payment). You need a paid receipt to renew registration.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "WV Tax – Motor vehicle property tax adjustment credit",
     "url": "https://tax.wv.gov/Individuals/Pages/MotorVehiclePropertyTaxAdjustmentCredit.aspx"
    },
    {
     "title": "WV Tax – Property tax due dates",
     "url": "https://tax.wv.gov/Individuals/Pages/PropertyTaxDueDates.aspx"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Wisconsin",
   "code": "WI",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/wisconsin/",
   "summary": "Wisconsin has no yearly value-based car tax. Owners pay a flat registration fee, and many municipalities and counties add a flat wheel tax. A car purchase is taxed at 5% state plus county or city tax.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "none",
    "note": "No value-based yearly tax. Local wheel taxes are flat amounts per vehicle."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 5,
    "name": "Wisconsin sales/use tax on motor vehicles",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "County tax (usually 0.5%) and Milwaukee city and county taxes apply, based on where the car is kept."
   },
   "registration": "Car registration is $85 a year, plus a local wheel tax where adopted. Hybrids add $75 and EVs add $175.",
   "due": "No yearly car tax. Registration renews every year.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Wisconsin DOR – Publication 213 (used vehicles)",
     "url": "https://www.revenue.wi.gov/DOR%20Publications/2113usedvehicles.pdf"
    },
    {
     "title": "Wisconsin DMV",
     "url": "https://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/dmv/default.aspx"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  },
  {
   "state": "Wyoming",
   "code": "WY",
   "url": "https://cartaxhq.com/wyoming/",
   "summary": "Wyoming's yearly county registration fee works as a value-based car tax: 3% of a percentage of the factory price that drops from 60% to 15% over six years. You pay it to the county treasurer with the $30 state fee. There is no separate personal property tax on cars.",
   "annual": {
    "kind": "msrpSchedule",
    "per": 1000,
    "byAge": [
     {
      "age": 0,
      "mills": 18
     },
     {
      "age": 1,
      "mills": 15
     },
     {
      "age": 2,
      "mills": 12
     },
     {
      "age": 3,
      "mills": 9
     },
     {
      "age": 4,
      "mills": 6
     },
     {
      "age": 5,
      "mills": 4.5
     }
    ],
    "flat": 0,
    "note": "W.S. 31-3-101(a)(i). The county fee is 3% of 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and from year 6 on 15% of factory price plus special equipment. The minimum is $5. 'Year of service' is treated as model-year age. The $30 state registration fee is extra. 2026 HB0030, which would have cut fees after year 6, failed."
   },
   "purchase": {
    "rate": 4,
    "name": "Wyoming sales/use tax",
    "localAdds": true,
    "tradeInCredit": true,
    "note": "County local option taxes are added, based on where you register."
   },
   "registration": "The state registration fee is $30 plus the county fee above. A title costs about $15.",
   "due": "Paid every year at the county treasurer, by the last day of the registration month.",
   "sources": [
    {
     "title": "Wyoming Legislature – W.S. 31-3-101 (HB0030 2026 text)",
     "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/2026/Introduced/HB0030.pdf"
    },
    {
     "title": "Wyoming LSO – 31-3-101",
     "url": "https://wyoleg.gov/InterimCommittee/2020/STR-2020091412-01WS31-3-101.pdf"
    },
    {
     "title": "WYDOT – Vehicle registration",
     "url": "https://www.dot.state.wy.us/home/titles_plates_registration.html"
    }
   ],
   "verified": "2026-10-14"
  }
 ]
}